The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review
Cocoa beans undergo processing operations to develop the aroma, and flavour precursors of chocolate and other cocoa products, in line with commercial preferences. However, processing has a negative effect on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans, reducing their health benefits, particularly their an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Malaysian Institute of Chemistry (Institut Kimia Malaysia)
2024
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
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| author | Beatrice Chong Chee Leong Mohd Sani Sarjadi Roslina Mohd Shah Mohd Hafiz Abd Majid |
| author_facet | Beatrice Chong Chee Leong Mohd Sani Sarjadi Roslina Mohd Shah Mohd Hafiz Abd Majid |
| author_sort | Beatrice Chong Chee Leong |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Cocoa beans undergo processing operations to develop the aroma, and flavour precursors of chocolate and other cocoa products, in line with commercial preferences. However, processing has a negative effect on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans, reducing their health benefits, particularly their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the selection of suitable methods or conditions to minimise polyphenol degradation during cocoa bean processing is crucial. This review primarily focuses on understanding the adverse effects of drying, fermentation, roasting, and alkalisation on cocoa polyphenols. Additionally, this paper discusses the influence of extraction parameters on cocoa polyphenols, including method, solvent, time, and temperature. A comprehensive review of the relationship between processing operations and the polyphenol content of cocoa beans provides valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying these changes and outlines the necessary conditions for optimising processing techniques to preserve or enhance the polyphenol content, thereby improving the nutritional and health benefits of cocoa based products. Past studies have reported the negative influences of processing operations on cocoa bean polyphenols; however, degradation is favoured due to the astringency and bitterness of cocoa polyphenols, which are not preferred in cocoa products. Therefore, more data on processing operations that focus on minimising polyphenol degradation, are still needed for a better understanding of the effect of each processing step on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-24T00:51:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-40756 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-24T00:51:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Malaysian Institute of Chemistry (Institut Kimia Malaysia) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-407562024-08-21T08:37:25Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/ The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review Beatrice Chong Chee Leong Mohd Sani Sarjadi Roslina Mohd Shah Mohd Hafiz Abd Majid QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture Cocoa beans undergo processing operations to develop the aroma, and flavour precursors of chocolate and other cocoa products, in line with commercial preferences. However, processing has a negative effect on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans, reducing their health benefits, particularly their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the selection of suitable methods or conditions to minimise polyphenol degradation during cocoa bean processing is crucial. This review primarily focuses on understanding the adverse effects of drying, fermentation, roasting, and alkalisation on cocoa polyphenols. Additionally, this paper discusses the influence of extraction parameters on cocoa polyphenols, including method, solvent, time, and temperature. A comprehensive review of the relationship between processing operations and the polyphenol content of cocoa beans provides valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying these changes and outlines the necessary conditions for optimising processing techniques to preserve or enhance the polyphenol content, thereby improving the nutritional and health benefits of cocoa based products. Past studies have reported the negative influences of processing operations on cocoa bean polyphenols; however, degradation is favoured due to the astringency and bitterness of cocoa polyphenols, which are not preferred in cocoa products. Therefore, more data on processing operations that focus on minimising polyphenol degradation, are still needed for a better understanding of the effect of each processing step on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans. Malaysian Institute of Chemistry (Institut Kimia Malaysia) 2024 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Beatrice Chong Chee Leong and Mohd Sani Sarjadi and Roslina Mohd Shah and Mohd Hafiz Abd Majid (2024) The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 26. pp. 46-66. https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v26i2.46 |
| spellingShingle | QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture Beatrice Chong Chee Leong Mohd Sani Sarjadi Roslina Mohd Shah Mohd Hafiz Abd Majid The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title | The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title_full | The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title_short | The Effect of Processing Operations on the Polyphenol Content of Cocoa Beans: A Review |
| title_sort | effect of processing operations on the polyphenol content of cocoa beans a review |
| topic | QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/40756/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
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