Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species
The main goal of this investigation is to conduct a thorough analysis of the physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of chitosan derived from various forest fungi. Additionally, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of this vegetal chitosan as an antimicrobial agent. In this st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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MDPI
2023
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825715996573302784 |
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| author | Iversen Luk Jun Lam Mariah Aqilah Mohd Affandy Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah Joseph Merillyn Vonnie Ling, Felicia Wen Xia Kobun Rovina |
| author_facet | Iversen Luk Jun Lam Mariah Aqilah Mohd Affandy Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah Joseph Merillyn Vonnie Ling, Felicia Wen Xia Kobun Rovina |
| author_sort | Iversen Luk Jun Lam |
| collection | UMS |
| description | The main goal of this investigation is to conduct a thorough analysis of the physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of chitosan derived from various forest fungi. Additionally, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of this vegetal chitosan as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, Auricularia auricula-judae, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Lentinula edodes were examined. The fungi samples were subjected to a series of rigorous chemical extraction procedures, including demineralization, deproteinization, discoloration, and deacetylation. Subsequently, the chitosan samples were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical characterization analysis, encompassing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), degree of deacetylation determination, ash content determination, moisture content determination, and solubility determination. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the vegetal chitosan samples, two different sampling parameters were employed, namely human hand and banana, to assess their effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth. Notably, the percentage of chitin and chitosan varied significantly among the distinct fungal species examined. Moreover, EDX spectroscopy confirmed the extraction of chitosan from H. erinaceus, L. edodes, P. ostreatus, and T. fuciformis. The FTIR spectra of all samples revealed a similar absorbance pattern, albeit with varying peak intensities. Furthermore, the XRD patterns for each sample were nearly identical, with the exception of the A. auricula-judae sample, which exhibited sharp peaks at ~37◦ and ~51◦ , while the crystallinity index of this same sample was approximately 17% lower than the others. The moisture content results indicated that the L. edodes sample was the least stable, while the P. ostreatus sample was the most stable, in terms of degradation rate. Similarly, the solubility of the samples showed substantial variation among each species, with the H. erinaceus sample displaying the highest solubility among the rest. Lastly, the antimicrobial activity of the chitosan solutions exhibited different efficacies in inhibiting microbial growth of skin microflora and microbes found on the peel of Musa acuminata × balbisiana. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-05T01:34:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ums.eprints-42202 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-05T01:34:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-422022024-12-10T06:56:14Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/ Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species Iversen Luk Jun Lam Mariah Aqilah Mohd Affandy Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah Joseph Merillyn Vonnie Ling, Felicia Wen Xia Kobun Rovina QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture The main goal of this investigation is to conduct a thorough analysis of the physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of chitosan derived from various forest fungi. Additionally, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of this vegetal chitosan as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, Auricularia auricula-judae, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Lentinula edodes were examined. The fungi samples were subjected to a series of rigorous chemical extraction procedures, including demineralization, deproteinization, discoloration, and deacetylation. Subsequently, the chitosan samples were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical characterization analysis, encompassing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), degree of deacetylation determination, ash content determination, moisture content determination, and solubility determination. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the vegetal chitosan samples, two different sampling parameters were employed, namely human hand and banana, to assess their effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth. Notably, the percentage of chitin and chitosan varied significantly among the distinct fungal species examined. Moreover, EDX spectroscopy confirmed the extraction of chitosan from H. erinaceus, L. edodes, P. ostreatus, and T. fuciformis. The FTIR spectra of all samples revealed a similar absorbance pattern, albeit with varying peak intensities. Furthermore, the XRD patterns for each sample were nearly identical, with the exception of the A. auricula-judae sample, which exhibited sharp peaks at ~37◦ and ~51◦ , while the crystallinity index of this same sample was approximately 17% lower than the others. The moisture content results indicated that the L. edodes sample was the least stable, while the P. ostreatus sample was the most stable, in terms of degradation rate. Similarly, the solubility of the samples showed substantial variation among each species, with the H. erinaceus sample displaying the highest solubility among the rest. Lastly, the antimicrobial activity of the chitosan solutions exhibited different efficacies in inhibiting microbial growth of skin microflora and microbes found on the peel of Musa acuminata × balbisiana. MDPI 2023 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Iversen Luk Jun Lam and Mariah Aqilah Mohd Affandy and Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah and Joseph Merillyn Vonnie and Ling, Felicia Wen Xia and Kobun Rovina (2023) Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species. Polymers, 15. pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102328 |
| spellingShingle | QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture Iversen Luk Jun Lam Mariah Aqilah Mohd Affandy Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah Joseph Merillyn Vonnie Ling, Felicia Wen Xia Kobun Rovina Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title | Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title_full | Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title_short | Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| title_sort | physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial analysis of vegetal chitosan extracted from distinct forest fungi species |
| topic | QK474.8-495 Spermatophyta. Phanerogams SB1-1110 Plant culture |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42202/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf |
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