Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah
Sabah tropical rainforest consist of a rich biodiversity of fruits and vegetables which still remain underutilized. Fruits which have antioxidant properties are frequently related to anti-Alzheimer’s potential. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme known to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
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2014
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/2/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/1/FULLTEXT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825716087393615872 |
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| author | Siti Hawa Ali Hassan |
| author_facet | Siti Hawa Ali Hassan |
| author_sort | Siti Hawa Ali Hassan |
| collection | UMS |
| description | Sabah tropical rainforest consist of a rich biodiversity of fruits and vegetables which still remain underutilized. Fruits which have antioxidant properties are frequently related to anti-Alzheimer’s potential. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme known to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine which leads to Alzheimer’s disease. The aims of the present study was to determine the phytochemical content (total phenolic, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total carotenoid), antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect of five selected fruits of Sabah namely pengolaban (Litsea garciae), pidada (Sonneratia caseolaris), kembayau (Canarium odontophyllum), asam kandis (Garcinia parvifolia) and tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea). All samples were separated into different parts (i.e edible and non-edible part) and extracted by using 80% methanol and distilled water. First, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and carotenoid contents were done spectrophotometrically. The total phenolic and flavonoid content for 80% methanolic and aqueous extract were significantly highest in the flesh of unripe S. caseolaris with the values of 67.67 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g and 37.06 ± 0.30 mg RE/g, respectively while the lowest phenolic was observed in the flesh of C. betacea (80% methanol) and peel of G. parvifolia (aqueous) with the values of 2.61±0.12 and 1.78±0.15 mg/g, respectively. The lowest flavonoid content were observed in the flesh of L. garciae (80% methanol) and flesh of C. betacea (aqueous) with the values of 2.05±0.21 and 1.15±0.01 mg/g, respectively. The flesh of C. odontophyllum displayed highest anthocyanin content while there was no anthocyanin detected in all parts of S. caseolaris. The flesh of C. betacea showed highest carotenoid content while the seed of C. odontophyllum displayed lowest carotenoid content in both extract. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, radical scavenging ABTS and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Highest scavenging activity was found in unripe flesh S. caseolaris with the values of 98.32 ± 0.28% for DPPH, 91.24 mg AA/g in terms of AEAC (ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity) and 67.72 ± 0.74 mmol/g for FRAP assay. For acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, the enzyme inhibition method and galanthamine was used as positive control. All the samples demonstrate dose dependant inhibition activity. Unripe flesh of S. caseolaris displayed highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity (47.18 ± 0.68% and 7.80 ± 0.94%) when tested at 250 μg/mL for both 80% methanol and aqueous extracts. As a conclusion, it might provide protection against oxidative damage in body and having a potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-05T01:35:41Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | ums.eprints-42728 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sabah |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-05T01:35:41Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ums.eprints-427282025-02-07T03:32:30Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/ Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah Siti Hawa Ali Hassan QK710-899 Plant physiology Sabah tropical rainforest consist of a rich biodiversity of fruits and vegetables which still remain underutilized. Fruits which have antioxidant properties are frequently related to anti-Alzheimer’s potential. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme known to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine which leads to Alzheimer’s disease. The aims of the present study was to determine the phytochemical content (total phenolic, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total carotenoid), antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect of five selected fruits of Sabah namely pengolaban (Litsea garciae), pidada (Sonneratia caseolaris), kembayau (Canarium odontophyllum), asam kandis (Garcinia parvifolia) and tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea). All samples were separated into different parts (i.e edible and non-edible part) and extracted by using 80% methanol and distilled water. First, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and carotenoid contents were done spectrophotometrically. The total phenolic and flavonoid content for 80% methanolic and aqueous extract were significantly highest in the flesh of unripe S. caseolaris with the values of 67.67 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g and 37.06 ± 0.30 mg RE/g, respectively while the lowest phenolic was observed in the flesh of C. betacea (80% methanol) and peel of G. parvifolia (aqueous) with the values of 2.61±0.12 and 1.78±0.15 mg/g, respectively. The lowest flavonoid content were observed in the flesh of L. garciae (80% methanol) and flesh of C. betacea (aqueous) with the values of 2.05±0.21 and 1.15±0.01 mg/g, respectively. The flesh of C. odontophyllum displayed highest anthocyanin content while there was no anthocyanin detected in all parts of S. caseolaris. The flesh of C. betacea showed highest carotenoid content while the seed of C. odontophyllum displayed lowest carotenoid content in both extract. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, radical scavenging ABTS and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Highest scavenging activity was found in unripe flesh S. caseolaris with the values of 98.32 ± 0.28% for DPPH, 91.24 mg AA/g in terms of AEAC (ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity) and 67.72 ± 0.74 mmol/g for FRAP assay. For acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, the enzyme inhibition method and galanthamine was used as positive control. All the samples demonstrate dose dependant inhibition activity. Unripe flesh of S. caseolaris displayed highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity (47.18 ± 0.68% and 7.80 ± 0.94%) when tested at 250 μg/mL for both 80% methanol and aqueous extracts. As a conclusion, it might provide protection against oxidative damage in body and having a potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. 2014 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/2/24%20PAGES.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/1/FULLTEXT.pdf Siti Hawa Ali Hassan (2014) Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. |
| spellingShingle | QK710-899 Plant physiology Siti Hawa Ali Hassan Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title | Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title_full | Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title_short | Phytochemicals, antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of Sabah |
| title_sort | phytochemicals antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of selected underutilized fruits of sabah |
| topic | QK710-899 Plant physiology |
| url | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/2/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42728/1/FULLTEXT.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sitihawaalihassan phytochemicalsantioxidantsandacetylcholinesteraseinhibitionpropertiesofselectedunderutilizedfruitsofsabah |