Island biogeography of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on the West Coast Islands of Sabah, Malaysia
Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern part of the island of Borneo. Most of the leaf beetle fauna studies from this region conducted over the past 15 years have focussed on the mainland habitats while the leaf beetle fauna from island habitats (ca. 500 islands) have largely been overl...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
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2019
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42808/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42808/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
| Summary: | Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern part of the island of Borneo. Most of the leaf beetle fauna studies from this region conducted over the past 15 years have focussed on the mainland habitats while the leaf beetle fauna from island habitats (ca. 500 islands) have largely been overlooked. This study looks into the leaf beetle fauna of 13 small satellite islands off the west coast of Sabah. All specimens were first sorted into morpho-species (operational taxonomic unit, OTU) before being identified to species rank where possible based on morphological characters and species names assigned when the specimens fitted the description of species in the literature. A total of 75 OTUs from 35 genera and 5 subfamilies were collected according to morphology, 12 of which were identifiable to species level. In addition, the DNA barcode for each OTU was cross checked with records in GenBank and BOLD to verify their identity. The number of species recorded was reduced from 12 species and 63 OTUs (total 75 OTUs) to 12 species and 56 OTUs (total 68 OTUs) after removal of the colour polymorphic species based on DNA barcode analyses. A total of 64 Barcode Index Numbers consisting of 101 DNA barcodes were obtained from the 12 leaf beetle species and 48 OTUs. Based on the DNA barcode analyses, it was possible to confirm several polymorphic OTUs and cryptic species. The mean intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence were determined as 0.77 % and 16.11 %, respectively. DNA barcodes of this study show a low similarity with records in GenBank and BOLD, highlighting the lack of representation and the urgency of studying leaf beetles from this region. Besides that, the species composition pattern of leaf beetle show strong nestedness pattern and influenced by both area and isolation. Furthermore, the species richness was largely determined by the island area and their isolation distance from mainland. However, isolation might not be significant as the furthest island, Pulau Mengalum was influenced by both forest fire and El-Nino drought The study provides the first documentation of leaf beetle fauna from island habitats of Sabah and the first DNA barcoding data for leaf beetles from this part of the world, with the next steps being larger scale sampling over a wider geographical scale for a better understanding of tropical arthropod diversity and the underlying determinant factors for the high species richness. |
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