Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks
Catching and crating may elicit stress and fear reactions in poultry because the procedures involve human contact and exposure to a novel environment. This study determined the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological stress, underlying fear, and growth performance of Pekin duck...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
|
| _version_ | 1811137556698365952 |
|---|---|
| author | Mitin, Helen Zulkifli, Idrus Che Jamri, Muhammad Hazim Zamzuri, Nur Athirah Samian, Nurain Aliah Hussein, Aimi Nabilah Yong, Meng Goh Sazili, Awis Qurni |
| author_facet | Mitin, Helen Zulkifli, Idrus Che Jamri, Muhammad Hazim Zamzuri, Nur Athirah Samian, Nurain Aliah Hussein, Aimi Nabilah Yong, Meng Goh Sazili, Awis Qurni |
| author_sort | Mitin, Helen |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Catching and crating may elicit stress and fear reactions in poultry because the procedures involve human contact and exposure to a novel environment. This study determined the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological stress, underlying fear, and growth performance of Pekin ducks subjected to catching and 4 h of crating. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; the main factors were diet (basal or basal + probiotic) and crating durations (0 or 4 h). From 1 to 21 days of age (doa), birds were fed a basal or basal + probiotic (CLOSTAT® (Bacillus subtilis) (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, USA), 1 g/kg) diet. At 21 doa, an equal number of ducklings from each dietary group were caught and crated for 4 h or left undisturbed in the home pens. Birds were examined for serum corticosterone (CORT), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, creatine kinase (CK), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and lactate (LAC) concentrations, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (HLR), tonic immobility (TI) duration, open-field (OF) test, body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratios (FCR). Diet had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on CORT among the non-crated ducks. However, after catching and crating, birds fed the control diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher CORT than their probiotic-supplemented counterparts. Catching and crating significantly (p < 0.05) elevated HSP70, HLR, GLU, and CHOL but reduced TG in ducks. Birds fed the probiotic-supplemented diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower HSP70, HLR, TG, and CK than those fed the control diet. Probiotic-supplemented ducks showed reduced fear-related behaviours, including TI durations, ambulation latency, and body shaking. Diet had a negligible effect on body weights and FCR of ducks at 21 doa. In brief, catching and crating for 4 h augmented Pekin ducks’ physiological stress and fear reactions, and supplementing birds with probiotics was beneficial in ameliorating these detrimental effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:36:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-100167 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:36:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1001672024-07-11T07:28:48Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100167/ Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks Mitin, Helen Zulkifli, Idrus Che Jamri, Muhammad Hazim Zamzuri, Nur Athirah Samian, Nurain Aliah Hussein, Aimi Nabilah Yong, Meng Goh Sazili, Awis Qurni Catching and crating may elicit stress and fear reactions in poultry because the procedures involve human contact and exposure to a novel environment. This study determined the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological stress, underlying fear, and growth performance of Pekin ducks subjected to catching and 4 h of crating. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; the main factors were diet (basal or basal + probiotic) and crating durations (0 or 4 h). From 1 to 21 days of age (doa), birds were fed a basal or basal + probiotic (CLOSTAT® (Bacillus subtilis) (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, USA), 1 g/kg) diet. At 21 doa, an equal number of ducklings from each dietary group were caught and crated for 4 h or left undisturbed in the home pens. Birds were examined for serum corticosterone (CORT), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, creatine kinase (CK), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and lactate (LAC) concentrations, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (HLR), tonic immobility (TI) duration, open-field (OF) test, body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratios (FCR). Diet had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on CORT among the non-crated ducks. However, after catching and crating, birds fed the control diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher CORT than their probiotic-supplemented counterparts. Catching and crating significantly (p < 0.05) elevated HSP70, HLR, GLU, and CHOL but reduced TG in ducks. Birds fed the probiotic-supplemented diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower HSP70, HLR, TG, and CK than those fed the control diet. Probiotic-supplemented ducks showed reduced fear-related behaviours, including TI durations, ambulation latency, and body shaking. Diet had a negligible effect on body weights and FCR of ducks at 21 doa. In brief, catching and crating for 4 h augmented Pekin ducks’ physiological stress and fear reactions, and supplementing birds with probiotics was beneficial in ameliorating these detrimental effects. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-12-09 Article PeerReviewed Mitin, Helen and Zulkifli, Idrus and Che Jamri, Muhammad Hazim and Zamzuri, Nur Athirah and Samian, Nurain Aliah and Hussein, Aimi Nabilah and Yong, Meng Goh and Sazili, Awis Qurni (2022) Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks. Animals, 12 (24). art. no. 3479. pp. 1-12. ISSN 2076-2615 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3479 10.3390/ani12243479 |
| spellingShingle | Mitin, Helen Zulkifli, Idrus Che Jamri, Muhammad Hazim Zamzuri, Nur Athirah Samian, Nurain Aliah Hussein, Aimi Nabilah Yong, Meng Goh Sazili, Awis Qurni Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title | Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title_full | Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title_fullStr | Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title_short | Alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks |
| title_sort | alleviation of catching and crating stress by dietary supplementation of bacillus subtilis in pekin ducks |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mitinhelen alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT zulkifliidrus alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT chejamrimuhammadhazim alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT zamzurinurathirah alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT samiannurainaliah alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT husseinaiminabilah alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT yongmenggoh alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks AT saziliawisqurni alleviationofcatchingandcratingstressbydietarysupplementationofbacillussubtilisinpekinducks |