A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2022
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| _version_ | 1796983894506995712 |
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| author | Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani |
| author_facet | Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani |
| author_sort | Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq |
| collection | UPM |
| description | In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:12:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-100437 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:12:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1004372023-12-15T23:18:50Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100437/ A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively. Elsevier 2022-10-01 Article PeerReviewed Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq and Ahmad, Mohd Riduan and Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser and Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin and Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar and Lu, Gaopeng and Zhang, Hongbo and Williams, Earle and Cooray, Vernon and Nordin, Farah Hani (2022) A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown. Atmospheric Research, 276. art. no. 106260. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0169-8095 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title_full | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title_fullStr | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title_short | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
| title_sort | study of cloud to ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
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