Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis
The ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2022
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| _version_ | 1796984011445239808 |
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| author | Chee, Kong Yap Saleem, Muhammad Wen, Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Edward, Franklin Berandah Arai, Takaomi Wan, Hee Cheng Okamura, Hideo Ismail, Mohamad Saupi Kumar, Krishnan Avtar, Ram Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong |
| author_facet | Chee, Kong Yap Saleem, Muhammad Wen, Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Edward, Franklin Berandah Arai, Takaomi Wan, Hee Cheng Okamura, Hideo Ismail, Mohamad Saupi Kumar, Krishnan Avtar, Ram Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong |
| author_sort | Chee, Kong Yap |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and children’s HRA were assessed in all CCDITS. Generally, local point Cu sources (8%) and lithogenic sources were the main controlling factors of Cu concentrations. The present review revealed three interesting points. First, there were 11 papers (8%) documenting Cu levels of more than 500 mg/kg dw while China was the country with the highest number (26%) of papers published between 1980 and 2022, out of 37 countries. Second, with the Cu data cited from the literature not normally distributed, the maximum Cu level was higher than all the established guidelines. However, the median Cu concentration was lower than most of the established guidelines. The median values of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated a status of ‘unpolluted‘ and ‘moderate contamination’ for the contamination factor (CF), and ‘low potential ecological risk’ for the ecological risk (ER) of Cu. However, the Cu ER could be based at present on the above mentioned 8% of the literature in the present study. Third, the calculated hazard index (HI) values were found to be below 1, indicating no potential chance of Cu non–carcinogenic effects in both adults and children, except for children’s HI values from Lake Pamvotis of Greece, and Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong. Thus, regular monitoring (every 2 years), depending upon the available resources, is recommended to assess the ecological–health risk of Cu pollution in aquatic bodies to abate the risk of Cu exposure to children’s health and avoid injurious impacts on the biota. It can be concluded that there is always a need for the mitigation and management of a Cu exposure risk assessment that can be used successfully for screening purposes to detect important human health exposure routes. Consequently, any sediments contaminated with Cu require rapid sediment remediation techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-101040 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1010402023-06-19T06:26:42Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101040/ Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis Chee, Kong Yap Saleem, Muhammad Wen, Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Edward, Franklin Berandah Arai, Takaomi Wan, Hee Cheng Okamura, Hideo Ismail, Mohamad Saupi Kumar, Krishnan Avtar, Ram Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong The ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and children’s HRA were assessed in all CCDITS. Generally, local point Cu sources (8%) and lithogenic sources were the main controlling factors of Cu concentrations. The present review revealed three interesting points. First, there were 11 papers (8%) documenting Cu levels of more than 500 mg/kg dw while China was the country with the highest number (26%) of papers published between 1980 and 2022, out of 37 countries. Second, with the Cu data cited from the literature not normally distributed, the maximum Cu level was higher than all the established guidelines. However, the median Cu concentration was lower than most of the established guidelines. The median values of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated a status of ‘unpolluted‘ and ‘moderate contamination’ for the contamination factor (CF), and ‘low potential ecological risk’ for the ecological risk (ER) of Cu. However, the Cu ER could be based at present on the above mentioned 8% of the literature in the present study. Third, the calculated hazard index (HI) values were found to be below 1, indicating no potential chance of Cu non–carcinogenic effects in both adults and children, except for children’s HI values from Lake Pamvotis of Greece, and Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong. Thus, regular monitoring (every 2 years), depending upon the available resources, is recommended to assess the ecological–health risk of Cu pollution in aquatic bodies to abate the risk of Cu exposure to children’s health and avoid injurious impacts on the biota. It can be concluded that there is always a need for the mitigation and management of a Cu exposure risk assessment that can be used successfully for screening purposes to detect important human health exposure routes. Consequently, any sediments contaminated with Cu require rapid sediment remediation techniques. MDPI 2022-06-28 Article PeerReviewed Chee, Kong Yap and Saleem, Muhammad and Wen, Siang Tan and Wan Mohd Syazwan and Wahid, Noor Azrizal and Nulit, Rosimah and Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz and Mustafa, Muskhazli and Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin and Edward, Franklin Berandah and Arai, Takaomi and Wan, Hee Cheng and Okamura, Hideo and Ismail, Mohamad Saupi and Kumar, Krishnan and Avtar, Ram and Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh and Al-Shami, Salman Abdo and Subramaniam, Geetha and Ling, Shing Wong (2022) Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis. Pollutants, 2 (3). 269 - 288. ISSN 2673-4672 https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/2/3/18 10.3390/pollutants2030018 |
| spellingShingle | Chee, Kong Yap Saleem, Muhammad Wen, Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Edward, Franklin Berandah Arai, Takaomi Wan, Hee Cheng Okamura, Hideo Ismail, Mohamad Saupi Kumar, Krishnan Avtar, Ram Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title | Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title_full | Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title_short | Ecological–health risk assessments of copper in the sediments: a review and synthesis |
| title_sort | ecological health risk assessments of copper in the sediments a review and synthesis |
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