Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach
The reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) utilizing green methods such as plants has attracted much attention due to its productivity, eco—friendly features, and cost effectiveness. In the present study, the reflux method was employed to synthesize Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) leaf extract mediated r...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| _version_ | 1825938540643483648 |
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| author | Perumal, Dharshini Albert, Emmellie Laura Saad, Norazalina Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza Teh, Huey Fang Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim |
| author_facet | Perumal, Dharshini Albert, Emmellie Laura Saad, Norazalina Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza Teh, Huey Fang Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim |
| author_sort | Perumal, Dharshini |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) utilizing green methods such as plants has attracted much attention due to its productivity, eco—friendly features, and cost effectiveness. In the present study, the reflux method was employed to synthesize Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) leaf extract mediated rGO using a simple approach. The synthesized rGO was characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectrum demonstrated the absorption peak of rGO (270 nm) at distinct locations, while the FTIR analysis demonstrated that the amount of oxygen group in rGO was reduced. The Raman analysis confirms the reduction of GO by a slight increase in the D—band to G—band intensity ratio. The XRD spectra demonstrated that rGO was successfully produced based on the illustrated 2Ɵ angles at a peak of 22.12° with d-spacing of 0.40 nm. FESEM clearly reveals the morphology of rGO that shows crumpled thin sheets, a rougher surface, and a wave—shaped corrugated structure. The reduction of GO was analyzed in the removal of the hydroxyl group and amorphotization of sp2 carbon structures. The C/O ratio in rGO was higher than GO which indicates the small amount of oxygen-containing functional groups were still presented in the reduced graphene oxide. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry behavior of a modified screen—printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was measured. The redox reactivity of rGO—SPCE has been affirmed and compared with GO—SPCE and bare—SPCE. The toxicity using A. salina cysts demonstrated that rGO is less toxic compared to GO. The analysis adequately supports the synthesis of rGO and the effective removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO. The findings herein illustrate that C. nutans mediates the synthesis of rGO and is a promising eco-friendly substitute to conventional carbon-based fabrication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:15:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-101447 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:15:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1014472023-06-17T22:52:43Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101447/ Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach Perumal, Dharshini Albert, Emmellie Laura Saad, Norazalina Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza Teh, Huey Fang Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim The reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) utilizing green methods such as plants has attracted much attention due to its productivity, eco—friendly features, and cost effectiveness. In the present study, the reflux method was employed to synthesize Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) leaf extract mediated rGO using a simple approach. The synthesized rGO was characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectrum demonstrated the absorption peak of rGO (270 nm) at distinct locations, while the FTIR analysis demonstrated that the amount of oxygen group in rGO was reduced. The Raman analysis confirms the reduction of GO by a slight increase in the D—band to G—band intensity ratio. The XRD spectra demonstrated that rGO was successfully produced based on the illustrated 2Ɵ angles at a peak of 22.12° with d-spacing of 0.40 nm. FESEM clearly reveals the morphology of rGO that shows crumpled thin sheets, a rougher surface, and a wave—shaped corrugated structure. The reduction of GO was analyzed in the removal of the hydroxyl group and amorphotization of sp2 carbon structures. The C/O ratio in rGO was higher than GO which indicates the small amount of oxygen-containing functional groups were still presented in the reduced graphene oxide. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry behavior of a modified screen—printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was measured. The redox reactivity of rGO—SPCE has been affirmed and compared with GO—SPCE and bare—SPCE. The toxicity using A. salina cysts demonstrated that rGO is less toxic compared to GO. The analysis adequately supports the synthesis of rGO and the effective removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO. The findings herein illustrate that C. nutans mediates the synthesis of rGO and is a promising eco-friendly substitute to conventional carbon-based fabrication. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-10-28 Article PeerReviewed Perumal, Dharshini and Albert, Emmellie Laura and Saad, Norazalina and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin and Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza and Teh, Huey Fang and Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim (2022) Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach. Crystals, 12 (11). art. no. 1539. pp. 1-17. ISSN 2073-4352 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/11/1539 10.3390/cryst12111539 |
| spellingShingle | Perumal, Dharshini Albert, Emmellie Laura Saad, Norazalina Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza Teh, Huey Fang Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title | Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title_full | Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title_short | Fabrication and characterization of Clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
| title_sort | fabrication and characterization of clinacanthus nutans mediated reduced graphene oxide using green approach |
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