Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study
Background Asthma was one of the top causes of hospitalization and unscheduled medical attendances due to acute exacerbations and its complications. In Malaysia, all pilgrims must undergo a mandatory health examination and certified fit to perform pilgrimage. We studied the current organisational an...
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| स्वरूप: | लेख |
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University of Edinburgh
2022
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| _version_ | 1825938572654411776 |
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| author | Ramli, Rizawati Hanafi, Nik Sherina Hussein, Norita Lee, Ping Yein Shariff Ghazali, Sazlina Cheong, Ai Theng Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan Abdul Samad, Azah Abdullah, Suhazeli Pinnock, Hilary Sheikh, Aziz Khoo, Ee Ming |
| author_facet | Ramli, Rizawati Hanafi, Nik Sherina Hussein, Norita Lee, Ping Yein Shariff Ghazali, Sazlina Cheong, Ai Theng Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan Abdul Samad, Azah Abdullah, Suhazeli Pinnock, Hilary Sheikh, Aziz Khoo, Ee Ming |
| author_sort | Ramli, Rizawati |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Background Asthma was one of the top causes of hospitalization and unscheduled medical attendances due to acute exacerbations and its complications. In Malaysia, all pilgrims must undergo a mandatory health examination and certified fit to perform pilgrimage. We studied the current organisational and clinical routines of Hajj health examination in Malaysia with a focus on the delivery of care for pilgrims with asthma. Methods We conducted non-participant observation to obtain ethnographic understanding of Hajj health examination activities for 2019. Observations were guided by a checklist and recorded as notes that were analysed thematically. The study was conducted at 11 public (from each region in Malaysia, namely, North, South, East, West of Peninsular Malaysia, and Sabah and Sarawak of East Malaysia) and two private primary care clinics. Results We observed considerable variation in the implementation and practice of Hajj health examinations among the 11 public clinics but no marked variation among the private clinics. The short time span of between three to four months was inadequate for disease control measures and had put pressure on health care providers. They mostly viewed the Hajj health examination as merely a certification of fitness to perform the pilgrimage, though respiratory health assessment was often inadequate. The opportunity to optimise the health of pilgrims with asthma by providing the appropriate medications, asthma action plan and asthma education including the preventive measures was disregarded. The preliminary health screening, which aimed to optimise pilgrims’ health before the actual Hajj health examination was not appreciated by either pilgrims or health care providers. Conclusions There is great potential to reform the current system of Hajj health certification in order to optimise its potential benefits for pilgrims with asthma. A systematic approach to restructuring the delivery of Hajj health examination could address the time constraints, clinical competency of primary health care providers and resources limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:15:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-101678 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:15:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | University of Edinburgh |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1016782023-12-15T23:35:30Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101678/ Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study Ramli, Rizawati Hanafi, Nik Sherina Hussein, Norita Lee, Ping Yein Shariff Ghazali, Sazlina Cheong, Ai Theng Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan Abdul Samad, Azah Abdullah, Suhazeli Pinnock, Hilary Sheikh, Aziz Khoo, Ee Ming Background Asthma was one of the top causes of hospitalization and unscheduled medical attendances due to acute exacerbations and its complications. In Malaysia, all pilgrims must undergo a mandatory health examination and certified fit to perform pilgrimage. We studied the current organisational and clinical routines of Hajj health examination in Malaysia with a focus on the delivery of care for pilgrims with asthma. Methods We conducted non-participant observation to obtain ethnographic understanding of Hajj health examination activities for 2019. Observations were guided by a checklist and recorded as notes that were analysed thematically. The study was conducted at 11 public (from each region in Malaysia, namely, North, South, East, West of Peninsular Malaysia, and Sabah and Sarawak of East Malaysia) and two private primary care clinics. Results We observed considerable variation in the implementation and practice of Hajj health examinations among the 11 public clinics but no marked variation among the private clinics. The short time span of between three to four months was inadequate for disease control measures and had put pressure on health care providers. They mostly viewed the Hajj health examination as merely a certification of fitness to perform the pilgrimage, though respiratory health assessment was often inadequate. The opportunity to optimise the health of pilgrims with asthma by providing the appropriate medications, asthma action plan and asthma education including the preventive measures was disregarded. The preliminary health screening, which aimed to optimise pilgrims’ health before the actual Hajj health examination was not appreciated by either pilgrims or health care providers. Conclusions There is great potential to reform the current system of Hajj health certification in order to optimise its potential benefits for pilgrims with asthma. A systematic approach to restructuring the delivery of Hajj health examination could address the time constraints, clinical competency of primary health care providers and resources limitations. University of Edinburgh 2022 Article PeerReviewed Ramli, Rizawati and Hanafi, Nik Sherina and Hussein, Norita and Lee, Ping Yein and Shariff Ghazali, Sazlina and Cheong, Ai Theng and Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan and Abdul Samad, Azah and Abdullah, Suhazeli and Pinnock, Hilary and Sheikh, Aziz and Khoo, Ee Ming (2022) Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study. Journal of Global Health, 12 (2022). art. no. 04023. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2047-2978; ESSN: 2047-2986 https://jogh.org/2022/jogh-12-04023 10.7189/jogh.12.04023 |
| spellingShingle | Ramli, Rizawati Hanafi, Nik Sherina Hussein, Norita Lee, Ping Yein Shariff Ghazali, Sazlina Cheong, Ai Theng Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan Abdul Samad, Azah Abdullah, Suhazeli Pinnock, Hilary Sheikh, Aziz Khoo, Ee Ming Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title | Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title_full | Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title_fullStr | Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title_short | Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: an ethnographic study |
| title_sort | hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in malaysia an ethnographic study |
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