In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3]
Gold-based anticancer compounds have been attracting increasing research interest due to their ability to kill cancer cells resistant to platinum-based compounds. Gold I- and gold III-based complexes have shown satisfactory anticancer activities. In this study, two new fluorine-incorporated gold (I)...
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| Format: | Article |
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Hindawi
2022
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| _version_ | 1825938628738547712 |
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| author | Richard Ming, Chuan Yu Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi Geok, Chin Tan Yoke, Kqueen Cheah |
| author_facet | Richard Ming, Chuan Yu Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi Geok, Chin Tan Yoke, Kqueen Cheah |
| author_sort | Richard Ming, Chuan Yu |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Gold-based anticancer compounds have been attracting increasing research interest due to their ability to kill cancer cells resistant to platinum-based compounds. Gold I- and gold III-based complexes have shown satisfactory anticancer activities. In this study, two new fluorine-incorporated gold (I) compounds such as Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] and DPPFeAu2[(SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3)]2 were evaluated for their in vitro activities against human breast cancer cell lines, primary breast cancer cells, and breast cancer stem cells (parental breast cancer stem cells, BCSC-P, and breast cancer stem cells, BCSC). Assays for growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, including real-time cell analysis, were carried out to screen effective antibreast cancer compounds. In addition, further in vitro assays such as apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activity, and cell cycle analysis were performed to observe the action and mechanism of killing breast cancer cells by the selected gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3]. The gold (I) compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3], showed low toxicity to H9c2 normal cells and significant growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, primary breast cancer cells, and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC-P and BCSC). The IC50 doses of the gold (I) compound Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] against the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were approximately 6-fold lower than that of cisplatin (cis-diamineplatinum (II) dichloride, CDDP). Moreover, the compound Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] induced caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases. Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3], a gold (I) compound incorporated with fluorine, is a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T03:50:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-102002 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T03:50:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Hindawi |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1020022024-03-12T06:22:28Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102002/ In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] Richard Ming, Chuan Yu Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi Geok, Chin Tan Yoke, Kqueen Cheah Gold-based anticancer compounds have been attracting increasing research interest due to their ability to kill cancer cells resistant to platinum-based compounds. Gold I- and gold III-based complexes have shown satisfactory anticancer activities. In this study, two new fluorine-incorporated gold (I) compounds such as Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] and DPPFeAu2[(SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3)]2 were evaluated for their in vitro activities against human breast cancer cell lines, primary breast cancer cells, and breast cancer stem cells (parental breast cancer stem cells, BCSC-P, and breast cancer stem cells, BCSC). Assays for growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, including real-time cell analysis, were carried out to screen effective antibreast cancer compounds. In addition, further in vitro assays such as apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activity, and cell cycle analysis were performed to observe the action and mechanism of killing breast cancer cells by the selected gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3]. The gold (I) compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3], showed low toxicity to H9c2 normal cells and significant growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, primary breast cancer cells, and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC-P and BCSC). The IC50 doses of the gold (I) compound Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] against the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were approximately 6-fold lower than that of cisplatin (cis-diamineplatinum (II) dichloride, CDDP). Moreover, the compound Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] induced caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases. Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3], a gold (I) compound incorporated with fluorine, is a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. Hindawi 2022 Article PeerReviewed Richard Ming, Chuan Yu and Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi and Geok, Chin Tan and Yoke, Kqueen Cheah (2022) In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3]. International Journal of Breast Cancer, 2022 (7168210). pp. 1-18. ISSN 2090-3170; ESSN: 2090-3189 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijbc/2022/7168210/ 10.1155/2022/7168210 |
| spellingShingle | Richard Ming, Chuan Yu Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi Geok, Chin Tan Yoke, Kqueen Cheah In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title | In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title_full | In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title_fullStr | In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title_short | In vitro growth inhibition, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and S and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine-incorporated gold I compound, Ph3PAu[SC(OMe)=NC6H4F-3] |
| title_sort | in vitro growth inhibition caspase dependent apoptosis and s and g2 m phase arrest in breast cancer cells induced by fluorine incorporated gold i compound ph3pau sc ome nc6h4f 3 |
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