Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties
The optimization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with maximum yield and smaller particle size synthesized using cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 were investigated using a desirability-function based response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite rotatable des...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2022
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| _version_ | 1825938702898036736 |
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| author | Mohd Yusof, Hidayat Abdul Rahman, Nor'Aini Mohamad, Rosfarizan Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Samsudin, Anjas Asmara |
| author_facet | Mohd Yusof, Hidayat Abdul Rahman, Nor'Aini Mohamad, Rosfarizan Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Samsudin, Anjas Asmara |
| author_sort | Mohd Yusof, Hidayat |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The optimization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with maximum yield and smaller particle size synthesized using cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 were investigated using a desirability-function based response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with five levels and three factors namely zinc concentration (200-500 mM), pH (6-10), and CFS volume ratio (20-50%) were employed to study the response variables. A total of 20 experimental runs were performed and desirability-function showed that the optimal conditions for the maximum yield and minimum particle size were 352.4 mM of Zn concentration, pH 9, and 25 % of CFS volume ratio. At these optimal conditions, the predicted yield and size of the optimized ZnO NPs were 2.47 g and 75.8 nm, respectively. The validation test showed 2.41 g of yield and an average size of 80.5 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at an absorption peak of 360 nm, confirming the formation of optimized ZnO NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated the small hydrodynamic size and low polydispersity index (PDI) of ZnO NPs at 85.9 nm and 0.243, respectively. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis illustrated spherical and oval-shaped ZnO NPs with an average particle size of 29.7 nm. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that biological compounds (proteins, enzymes, and carbohydrates) from CFS were involved in the reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the crystallinity and thermal stability of ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and free radical scavenging activity (RSA) of ZnO NPs demonstrated promising antioxidant properties when compared to their bulkier counterparts. Overall, this work paves the way for a cleaner and environmentally friendly production of ZnO NPs for industrial use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:17:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-102402 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:17:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1024022023-05-22T02:01:23Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102402/ Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties Mohd Yusof, Hidayat Abdul Rahman, Nor'Aini Mohamad, Rosfarizan Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Samsudin, Anjas Asmara The optimization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with maximum yield and smaller particle size synthesized using cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 were investigated using a desirability-function based response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with five levels and three factors namely zinc concentration (200-500 mM), pH (6-10), and CFS volume ratio (20-50%) were employed to study the response variables. A total of 20 experimental runs were performed and desirability-function showed that the optimal conditions for the maximum yield and minimum particle size were 352.4 mM of Zn concentration, pH 9, and 25 % of CFS volume ratio. At these optimal conditions, the predicted yield and size of the optimized ZnO NPs were 2.47 g and 75.8 nm, respectively. The validation test showed 2.41 g of yield and an average size of 80.5 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at an absorption peak of 360 nm, confirming the formation of optimized ZnO NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated the small hydrodynamic size and low polydispersity index (PDI) of ZnO NPs at 85.9 nm and 0.243, respectively. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis illustrated spherical and oval-shaped ZnO NPs with an average particle size of 29.7 nm. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that biological compounds (proteins, enzymes, and carbohydrates) from CFS were involved in the reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the crystallinity and thermal stability of ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and free radical scavenging activity (RSA) of ZnO NPs demonstrated promising antioxidant properties when compared to their bulkier counterparts. Overall, this work paves the way for a cleaner and environmentally friendly production of ZnO NPs for industrial use. Elsevier 2022 Article PeerReviewed Mohd Yusof, Hidayat and Abdul Rahman, Nor'Aini and Mohamad, Rosfarizan and Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah and Samsudin, Anjas Asmara (2022) Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties. OpenNano, 8. art. no. 100106. pp. 1-19. ISSN 2352-9520 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952022000688 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100106 |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Yusof, Hidayat Abdul Rahman, Nor'Aini Mohamad, Rosfarizan Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Samsudin, Anjas Asmara Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title | Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title_full | Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title_short | Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties |
| title_sort | optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles desirability function based response surface methodology physicochemical characteristics and its antioxidant properties |
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