Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials
Human health risk and phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in the edible vegetables have been widely discussed recently. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of four PTMs, namely Cd, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in Amaranthus viridis (leaves, stems, and roots) collected from 11 samplin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2022
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| _version_ | 1825938761987391488 |
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| author | Yap, Chee Kong Yaacob, Aziran Tan, Wen Siang Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Cheng, Wan Hee Wong, Koe Wei Berandah Edward, Franklin Ismail, Mohamad Saupi You, Chen-Feng Chew, Weiyun Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Amin, Bintal Sharifinia, Moslem |
| author_facet | Yap, Chee Kong Yaacob, Aziran Tan, Wen Siang Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Cheng, Wan Hee Wong, Koe Wei Berandah Edward, Franklin Ismail, Mohamad Saupi You, Chen-Feng Chew, Weiyun Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Amin, Bintal Sharifinia, Moslem |
| author_sort | Yap, Chee Kong |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Human health risk and phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in the edible vegetables have been widely discussed recently. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of four PTMs, namely Cd, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in Amaranthus viridis (leaves, stems, and roots) collected from 11 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia and to assess their human health risk (HHR). In general, the metal levels followed the order: roots > stems > leaves. The metal concentrations (µg/g) in the leaves of A. viridis ranged from 0.45 to 2.18 dry weight (dw) (0.05–0.26 wet weight (ww)), 74.8 to 535 dw (8.97–64.2 ww), 2.02 to 7.45 dw (0.24–0.89 ww), and 65.2 to 521 dw (7.83–62.6 ww), for Cd, Fe, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The positive relationships between the metals, the plant parts, and the geochemical factions of their habitat topsoils indicated the potential of A. viridis as a good biomonitor of Cd, Fe, and Ni pollution. With most of the values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1.0 and the transfer factor (TF) > 1.0, A. viridis was a very promising phytoextraction agent of Ni and Zn. Additionally, with most of the values of BCF > 1.0 and TF < 1.0, A. viridis was a very promising phytostabiliser of Cd and Fe. With respect to HHR, the target hazard quotients (THQ) for Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of A. viridis were all below 1.00, indicating there were no non-carcinogenic risks of the four metals to consumers, including children and adults. Nevertheless, routine monitoring of PTMs in Amaranthus farms is much needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:37:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-102812 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:37:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1028122024-06-23T00:18:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102812/ Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials Yap, Chee Kong Yaacob, Aziran Tan, Wen Siang Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Cheng, Wan Hee Wong, Koe Wei Berandah Edward, Franklin Ismail, Mohamad Saupi You, Chen-Feng Chew, Weiyun Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Amin, Bintal Sharifinia, Moslem Human health risk and phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in the edible vegetables have been widely discussed recently. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of four PTMs, namely Cd, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in Amaranthus viridis (leaves, stems, and roots) collected from 11 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia and to assess their human health risk (HHR). In general, the metal levels followed the order: roots > stems > leaves. The metal concentrations (µg/g) in the leaves of A. viridis ranged from 0.45 to 2.18 dry weight (dw) (0.05–0.26 wet weight (ww)), 74.8 to 535 dw (8.97–64.2 ww), 2.02 to 7.45 dw (0.24–0.89 ww), and 65.2 to 521 dw (7.83–62.6 ww), for Cd, Fe, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The positive relationships between the metals, the plant parts, and the geochemical factions of their habitat topsoils indicated the potential of A. viridis as a good biomonitor of Cd, Fe, and Ni pollution. With most of the values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1.0 and the transfer factor (TF) > 1.0, A. viridis was a very promising phytoextraction agent of Ni and Zn. Additionally, with most of the values of BCF > 1.0 and TF < 1.0, A. viridis was a very promising phytostabiliser of Cd and Fe. With respect to HHR, the target hazard quotients (THQ) for Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of A. viridis were all below 1.00, indicating there were no non-carcinogenic risks of the four metals to consumers, including children and adults. Nevertheless, routine monitoring of PTMs in Amaranthus farms is much needed. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed Yap, Chee Kong and Yaacob, Aziran and Tan, Wen Siang and Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh and Cheng, Wan Hee and Wong, Koe Wei and Berandah Edward, Franklin and Ismail, Mohamad Saupi and You, Chen-Feng and Chew, Weiyun and Nulit, Rosimah and Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz and Amin, Bintal and Sharifinia, Moslem (2022) Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials. Biology, 11 (3). art. no. 389. pp. 1-22. ISSN 2079-7737 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/3/389 10.3390/biology11030389 |
| spellingShingle | Yap, Chee Kong Yaacob, Aziran Tan, Wen Siang Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Cheng, Wan Hee Wong, Koe Wei Berandah Edward, Franklin Ismail, Mohamad Saupi You, Chen-Feng Chew, Weiyun Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Amin, Bintal Sharifinia, Moslem Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title | Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title_full | Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title_fullStr | Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title_short | Potentially toxic metals in the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis: human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
| title_sort | potentially toxic metals in the high biomass non hyperaccumulating plant amaranthus viridis human health risks and phytoremediation potentials |
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