Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate
Purpose: This paper aims to accentuate the behavior of second-grade hybrid Al2O3–Cu nanofluid flow and its thermal characteristics driven by a stretching/shrinking Riga plate. Design/methodology/approach: The second-grade fluid is considered with the combination of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Three...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Emerald
2022
|
| _version_ | 1825938824991080448 |
|---|---|
| author | Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mohd Zokri, Syazwani Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan |
| author_facet | Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mohd Zokri, Syazwani Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan |
| author_sort | Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Purpose: This paper aims to accentuate the behavior of second-grade hybrid Al2O3–Cu nanofluid flow and its thermal characteristics driven by a stretching/shrinking Riga plate.
Design/methodology/approach: The second-grade fluid is considered with the combination of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Three base fluids namely water, ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol with different Prandtl number are also examined. The formulation of the mathematical model of second-grade hybrid nanofluid complies with the boundary layer approximations. The complexity of the governing model is reduced into a simpler differential equations using the similarity transformation. The bvp4c solver is fully used to solve the reduced equations. The observation of multiple solutions is conducted for the assisting (stretching) and opposing (shrinking) cases. Findings: The impact of suction parameter, second-grade parameter, electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) parameter, velocity ratio parameter and the volumetric concentration of the alumina and copper nanoparticles are numerically analyzed on the velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number (thermal rate) of the second-grade Al2O3–Cu/water. The solution is unique when (static and stretching cases) while dual for a specific range of negative in the presence of suction effect. Based on the appearance of the first solution in all cases of, it is physically showed that the first solution is stable. Further examination reveals that the EMHD and suction parameters are the contributing factors for the thermal enhancement of this non-Newtonian working fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid also plays a significant role in the fluid motion and heat transfer rate based on the finding that the EG base fluid produces the maximum heat transfer rate but the lowest critical value and skin friction coefficient. Originality/value: The results are novel and contribute to the discovery of the hybrid nanoparticles’ performance in the non-Newtonian second-grade fluid. Besides, this study is beneficial to the researchers in this field and general audience from industries regarding the factors, which contributing to the thermal enhancement of the working fluid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:18:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-103285 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:18:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Emerald |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1032852023-11-08T06:53:11Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103285/ Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mohd Zokri, Syazwani Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan Purpose: This paper aims to accentuate the behavior of second-grade hybrid Al2O3–Cu nanofluid flow and its thermal characteristics driven by a stretching/shrinking Riga plate. Design/methodology/approach: The second-grade fluid is considered with the combination of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Three base fluids namely water, ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol with different Prandtl number are also examined. The formulation of the mathematical model of second-grade hybrid nanofluid complies with the boundary layer approximations. The complexity of the governing model is reduced into a simpler differential equations using the similarity transformation. The bvp4c solver is fully used to solve the reduced equations. The observation of multiple solutions is conducted for the assisting (stretching) and opposing (shrinking) cases. Findings: The impact of suction parameter, second-grade parameter, electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) parameter, velocity ratio parameter and the volumetric concentration of the alumina and copper nanoparticles are numerically analyzed on the velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number (thermal rate) of the second-grade Al2O3–Cu/water. The solution is unique when (static and stretching cases) while dual for a specific range of negative in the presence of suction effect. Based on the appearance of the first solution in all cases of, it is physically showed that the first solution is stable. Further examination reveals that the EMHD and suction parameters are the contributing factors for the thermal enhancement of this non-Newtonian working fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid also plays a significant role in the fluid motion and heat transfer rate based on the finding that the EG base fluid produces the maximum heat transfer rate but the lowest critical value and skin friction coefficient. Originality/value: The results are novel and contribute to the discovery of the hybrid nanoparticles’ performance in the non-Newtonian second-grade fluid. Besides, this study is beneficial to the researchers in this field and general audience from industries regarding the factors, which contributing to the thermal enhancement of the working fluid. Emerald 2022 Article PeerReviewed Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa and Waini, Iskandar and Mohd Zokri, Syazwani and Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman and Md Arifin, Norihan and Pop, Ioan (2022) Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 32 (7). 2221 - 2239. ISSN 0961-5539 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/HFF-08-2021-0534/full/html 10.1108/HFF-08-2021-0534 |
| spellingShingle | Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mohd Zokri, Syazwani Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title | Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title_full | Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title_fullStr | Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title_short | Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate |
| title_sort | stagnation point flow of a second grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a riga plate |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khashiienajiyahsafwa stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate AT wainiiskandar stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate AT mohdzokrisyazwani stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate AT mohdkasimabdulrahman stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate AT mdarifinnorihan stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate AT popioan stagnationpointflowofasecondgradehybridnanofluidinducedbyarigaplate |