| Summary: | Mikania micrantha (M. micrantha) and Cromolaena odorta (C. odorata) are an
invasive plant that has become a weed pest, grows aggressively, spreads, and
displaces other plants in agriculture corps and generally consumed as traditional
medicine purposes by local practitioners. This study was conducted with the aim
to determine the physical and botany characteristics of both plants, to identify
phytochemical in both species and to assess antimicrobial and antioxidant
capacity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) in hot water, methanolic and petroleum ether
extract of M. micrantha and C. odorata leaf and stem. The physical
characteristics of both species such as shape, type, arrangement, margin, base,
apex, and vein of leaf, and stem were determined based on dendrology
characterization and identification. Phytochemical of methanolic and petroleum
ether extract obtained from leaf and stem of M. micrantha and C. odorata was
analyzed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the
identification of biochemical components present. Phytochemical analysis of M.
micrantha extract by GC-MS revealed the presence of various compounds such
as phenol, fatty acid, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, alkane hydrocarbon and
others which have diverse use. All extract from M. micrantha and C. odorata
species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity through disc diffusion
method against four microbes (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and one fungus (Candida albicans).
M. Micrantha extract demonstrated minimal inhibition of targeted microbial
activity, and some displayed no inhibition at all. As for antifungal activity, C.
albicans were resistant to all extract and there was no activity detected. For C.
odorata extract, the result displayed no inhibition to slight inhibition activity
towards B. subtilis and S. aureus. Meanwhile, all extract did not show any
inhibition zone towards P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The screening of antifungal
activity towards C. albicans showed that only hot water extract of C. odorata
stems have the reaction while the others were inactive. The measurement of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of hot water, methanolic and petroleum ether
extract of M. micrantha and C.odorata leaves and stems was achieved using
folin-ciocalteu reagent reveals that hot water extract for M. micrantha leaves and
stems had the TPC value 335.5 mg GAE/g and 323.14 mg GAE/g respectively
which was found slightly higher (p<0.05) when compared to standard gallic acid
reference. On top of that, all TPC value obtained was above average. The DPPH
capacity of each extract 5 mg/ml was tested and it is found that hot water extract
for C. odorata leaves and methanolic extract for M. micrantha stems have slightly
higher scavenging capacity (91.85 μg/ml and 91.46 μg/ml) respectively at p<0.05
as compared to Trolox while ABTS radical were obtained to be higher in hot
water extract for both C. odorata leaves (96.88%) and M. micrantha leaves
(96.27%). For FRAP activity hot water and methanol extract for both M. mirantha
and C. odorata have slightly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant value while the
petroleum ether extract for both M. mirantha and C. odorata shows slightly lower
value. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that hot water and
methanolic extract for M. micrantha and C. odorata leaves has a significant
potential use as natural antioxidant agent and further research should be
explored on the utilization of these resource to cure oxidative damage – related
disease.
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