Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With cli...
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| Format: | Article |
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Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research
2023
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| _version_ | 1817927517689872384 |
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| author | Basarudin, Hafiz Mohd Yunus, Noor Hidayah Ramli, Aizat Faiz Mansor, Zuhanis Sali, Aduwati Hong Seng, Gan Abu, Mohd Azlan |
| author_facet | Basarudin, Hafiz Mohd Yunus, Noor Hidayah Ramli, Aizat Faiz Mansor, Zuhanis Sali, Aduwati Hong Seng, Gan Abu, Mohd Azlan |
| author_sort | Basarudin, Hafiz |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01 annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:19:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-107776 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:19:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1077762024-10-30T02:34:21Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107776/ Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links Basarudin, Hafiz Mohd Yunus, Noor Hidayah Ramli, Aizat Faiz Mansor, Zuhanis Sali, Aduwati Hong Seng, Gan Abu, Mohd Azlan Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01 annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors. Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research 2023-08-09 Article PeerReviewed Basarudin, Hafiz and Mohd Yunus, Noor Hidayah and Ramli, Aizat Faiz and Mansor, Zuhanis and Sali, Aduwati and Hong Seng, Gan and Abu, Mohd Azlan (2023) Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links. Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research, 13 (4). pp. 11064-11069. ISSN 2241-4487; eISSN: 1792-8036 https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/5552 10.48084/etasr.5552 |
| spellingShingle | Basarudin, Hafiz Mohd Yunus, Noor Hidayah Ramli, Aizat Faiz Mansor, Zuhanis Sali, Aduwati Hong Seng, Gan Abu, Mohd Azlan Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title | Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title_full | Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title_short | Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links |
| title_sort | evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in malaysia using hydro estimator for 5g and microwave links |
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