Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners
Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin commonly found in shellfish, produced by dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial blooms in seawater or fresh water. This review dissects the conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the emerging microscale sample preparation method,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2023
|
| _version_ | 1825939660348588032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ishak, Siti Munirah Yahaya, Noorfatimah Loh, Saw Hong Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah Waras, Maisarah Nasution Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Miskam, Mazidatulakmam Raoov, Muggundha Abd Aziz, Noorizan Hassan, Yahaya |
| author_facet | Ishak, Siti Munirah Yahaya, Noorfatimah Loh, Saw Hong Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah Waras, Maisarah Nasution Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Miskam, Mazidatulakmam Raoov, Muggundha Abd Aziz, Noorizan Hassan, Yahaya |
| author_sort | Ishak, Siti Munirah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin commonly found in shellfish, produced by dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial blooms in seawater or fresh water. This review dissects the conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the emerging microscale sample preparation method, followed by their achievements in the preconcentration of saxitoxin-group toxins from different matrices. Despite the tedious and multi-step procedures, LLE and SPE remain the most applied techniques in detecting saxitoxin due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, microscale sample preparation offers potential as a green technique, especially in the development of advanced adsorbents for better sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:20:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-108780 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:20:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1087802024-10-11T08:38:09Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108780/ Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners Ishak, Siti Munirah Yahaya, Noorfatimah Loh, Saw Hong Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah Waras, Maisarah Nasution Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Miskam, Mazidatulakmam Raoov, Muggundha Abd Aziz, Noorizan Hassan, Yahaya Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin commonly found in shellfish, produced by dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial blooms in seawater or fresh water. This review dissects the conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the emerging microscale sample preparation method, followed by their achievements in the preconcentration of saxitoxin-group toxins from different matrices. Despite the tedious and multi-step procedures, LLE and SPE remain the most applied techniques in detecting saxitoxin due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, microscale sample preparation offers potential as a green technique, especially in the development of advanced adsorbents for better sensitivity. Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2023-04-08 Article PeerReviewed Ishak, Siti Munirah and Yahaya, Noorfatimah and Loh, Saw Hong and Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda and Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah and Waras, Maisarah Nasution and Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie and Miskam, Mazidatulakmam and Raoov, Muggundha and Abd Aziz, Noorizan and Hassan, Yahaya (2023) Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners. Chromatographia, 86 (5). pp. 349-373. ISSN 1612-1112; ESSN: 0009-5893 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10337-023-04251-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e37f6cb9-c2ba-4a76-8c99-76e4d0943916 10.1007/s10337-023-04251-6 |
| spellingShingle | Ishak, Siti Munirah Yahaya, Noorfatimah Loh, Saw Hong Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah Waras, Maisarah Nasution Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Miskam, Mazidatulakmam Raoov, Muggundha Abd Aziz, Noorizan Hassan, Yahaya Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title | Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title_full | Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title_fullStr | Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title_short | Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| title_sort | research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ishaksitimunirah researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT yahayanoorfatimah researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT lohsawhong researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT kamaruzamansazlinda researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT mohamadzainnurnadhirah researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT warasmaisarahnasution researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT wanabdullahwannazwanie researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT miskammazidatulakmam researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT raoovmuggundha researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT abdaziznoorizan researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners AT hassanyahaya researchprogressonextractionandanalyticalmethodsforsaxitoxinanditscongeners |