Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality
Recent empirical research found that the motorcycle-to-car (MTC) ownership ratio and economic performance have an inverse U-shaped relationship, with the MTC ownership ratio increasing at lower economic levels but decreasing after a critical threshold. This study examined the effects of income pe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023
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| _version_ | 1811137897370222592 |
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| author | Law, Teik Hua Ng, Choy Peng Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong Guo, Baohua Hu, Qizhou |
| author_facet | Law, Teik Hua Ng, Choy Peng Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong Guo, Baohua Hu, Qizhou |
| author_sort | Law, Teik Hua |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Recent empirical research found that the motorcycle-to-car (MTC) ownership ratio and economic
performance have an inverse U-shaped relationship, with the MTC ownership ratio increasing at
lower economic levels but decreasing after a critical threshold. This study examined the effects of
income per population, relative improvements in road mobility over road accessibility (MOA) and
income inequality on the MTC ownership ratio under different levels of urbanization. A panel of
53 nations from 1963 to 2013 was analyzed using fixed-effects panel linear regression. The inverse U-shaped relationship between the MTC ownership ratio and income changes to a U-shaped
relationship as urbanization rises. The growing rate of the MTC ownership ratio and the turning
point for the inverse U-shaped relationship between the ratio and income inequality both rise
along with urbanization. The negative effect of MOA on the ownership ratio of MTC is lessened by
urbanization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:41:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-109220 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-25T03:41:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1092202024-08-27T04:10:57Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109220/ Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality Law, Teik Hua Ng, Choy Peng Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong Guo, Baohua Hu, Qizhou Recent empirical research found that the motorcycle-to-car (MTC) ownership ratio and economic performance have an inverse U-shaped relationship, with the MTC ownership ratio increasing at lower economic levels but decreasing after a critical threshold. This study examined the effects of income per population, relative improvements in road mobility over road accessibility (MOA) and income inequality on the MTC ownership ratio under different levels of urbanization. A panel of 53 nations from 1963 to 2013 was analyzed using fixed-effects panel linear regression. The inverse U-shaped relationship between the MTC ownership ratio and income changes to a U-shaped relationship as urbanization rises. The growing rate of the MTC ownership ratio and the turning point for the inverse U-shaped relationship between the ratio and income inequality both rise along with urbanization. The negative effect of MOA on the ownership ratio of MTC is lessened by urbanization. Elsevier 2023-09 Article PeerReviewed Law, Teik Hua and Ng, Choy Peng and Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong and Guo, Baohua and Hu, Qizhou (2023) Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 122. art. no. 103879. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1361-9209; ESSN: 1879-2340 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1361920923002766 10.1016/j.trd.2023.103879 |
| spellingShingle | Law, Teik Hua Ng, Choy Peng Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong Guo, Baohua Hu, Qizhou Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title | Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title_full | Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title_fullStr | Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title_short | Motorcycle-to-car ownership at different urbanization levels: road mobility, accessibility, and income inequality |
| title_sort | motorcycle to car ownership at different urbanization levels road mobility accessibility and income inequality |
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