Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities
Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a plant in tropical Asia with proven biological activities. The optimized extraction method of C. nutans crude polysaccharide (CNP) uses water in the presence of an ultrasound-assisted mechanical method (UL_CNP). However, the use of UL_CNP for the synthesis and opt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113671/1/113671.pdf |
| _version_ | 1824452329750921216 |
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| author | Devasvaran, Kogilavanee Alallam, Batoul Lee, Carmen Yong, Yoke Keong Lim, Vuanghao |
| author_facet | Devasvaran, Kogilavanee Alallam, Batoul Lee, Carmen Yong, Yoke Keong Lim, Vuanghao |
| author_sort | Devasvaran, Kogilavanee |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a plant in tropical Asia with proven biological activities. The optimized extraction method of C. nutans crude polysaccharide (CNP) uses water in the presence of an ultrasound-assisted mechanical method (UL_CNP). However, the use of UL_CNP for the synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), particularly their anticancer and photocatalytic properties, remains unexplored. Hence, this research aimed to employ a green method using UL_CNP and silver nitrate to produce AgNP (UL_AgNP) with a small size and assess its potential toxicity, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities. The synthesis condition was optimized using the Box–Behnken design method. The synthesized UL_AgNP showed the surface plasmon resonance peak at 458 nm. The optimized synthesis condition produced spherically shaped UL_AgNP with a size of 5.21 ± 1.92 nm and a zeta potential of −26.33 ± 0.93 mV. An X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited intense Bragg's reflection peaks at (111), (200), (220), and (311), having a face-centered cubic structure of AgNP. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of silver in the synthesized UL_AgNP. The brine shrimp lethality test of UL_AgNP reported a lethal concentration 50 value of <7.8 μg/mL after 24 h. The UL_AgNP exhibited antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 4.96 ± 0.31 μg/mL by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptotic effect, and reduction of cell migration. Furthermore, UL_AgNP proved its efficient photocatalytic activity against methylene blue dye (50.22 % ± 0.06 %, after 10 min at a concentration of 50 μg/mL). Therefore, the UL_AgNP exhibited promising antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic agent. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the precise mechanism of their action. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:48:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-113671 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1136712025-02-12T07:26:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113671/ Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities Devasvaran, Kogilavanee Alallam, Batoul Lee, Carmen Yong, Yoke Keong Lim, Vuanghao Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a plant in tropical Asia with proven biological activities. The optimized extraction method of C. nutans crude polysaccharide (CNP) uses water in the presence of an ultrasound-assisted mechanical method (UL_CNP). However, the use of UL_CNP for the synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), particularly their anticancer and photocatalytic properties, remains unexplored. Hence, this research aimed to employ a green method using UL_CNP and silver nitrate to produce AgNP (UL_AgNP) with a small size and assess its potential toxicity, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities. The synthesis condition was optimized using the Box–Behnken design method. The synthesized UL_AgNP showed the surface plasmon resonance peak at 458 nm. The optimized synthesis condition produced spherically shaped UL_AgNP with a size of 5.21 ± 1.92 nm and a zeta potential of −26.33 ± 0.93 mV. An X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited intense Bragg's reflection peaks at (111), (200), (220), and (311), having a face-centered cubic structure of AgNP. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of silver in the synthesized UL_AgNP. The brine shrimp lethality test of UL_AgNP reported a lethal concentration 50 value of <7.8 μg/mL after 24 h. The UL_AgNP exhibited antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 4.96 ± 0.31 μg/mL by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptotic effect, and reduction of cell migration. Furthermore, UL_AgNP proved its efficient photocatalytic activity against methylene blue dye (50.22 % ± 0.06 %, after 10 min at a concentration of 50 μg/mL). Therefore, the UL_AgNP exhibited promising antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic agent. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the precise mechanism of their action. Elsevier 2024-10 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113671/1/113671.pdf Devasvaran, Kogilavanee and Alallam, Batoul and Lee, Carmen and Yong, Yoke Keong and Lim, Vuanghao (2024) Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 278 (pt.3). art. no. 134893. pp. 1-16. ISSN 0141-8130; eISSN: 1879-0003 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813024056988 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134893 |
| spellingShingle | Devasvaran, Kogilavanee Alallam, Batoul Lee, Carmen Yong, Yoke Keong Lim, Vuanghao Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title | Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title_full | Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title_fullStr | Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title_short | Clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of bioactivities |
| title_sort | clinacanthus nutans crude polysaccharide extract as a green platform for microwave assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles optimization characterization and evaluation of bioactivities |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113671/1/113671.pdf |
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