Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate
In recent decades, the rising demand for permanent magnetic materials has driven manufacturers to explore substitutes for rare earth elements in response to their fluctuating prices and negative environmental impact. M-type hexaferrites considered as good alternatives and studies have focused on enh...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114356/1/114356.pdf |
| _version_ | 1824452393062891520 |
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| author | Matran, Wail M. Mustapha, Mazli Nor, Mohd Faizairi Mustapha, Faizal Alakbari, Fahd Saeed Al-shawesh, Gamal Bawahab, Mohammed |
| author_facet | Matran, Wail M. Mustapha, Mazli Nor, Mohd Faizairi Mustapha, Faizal Alakbari, Fahd Saeed Al-shawesh, Gamal Bawahab, Mohammed |
| author_sort | Matran, Wail M. |
| collection | UPM |
| description | In recent decades, the rising demand for permanent magnetic materials has driven manufacturers to explore substitutes for rare earth elements in response to their fluctuating prices and negative environmental impact. M-type hexaferrites considered as good alternatives and studies have focused on enhancing their magnetic and structural properties through various approaches. In this study, new approach using low heating rate microwave sintering has been applied to investigate the changes on density, microstructure, and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite from core to surface. Sintering temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C with 10 °C/minute heating rate were applied accordingly. The bulk density, FESEM, XRD and VSM tests were conducted to study materials’ properties. The outcomes of the study showed exponential relationship between density and sintering temperature reaching optimum value of 91.4 % at 1050 °C and then declined slightly at observed to analysis confirmed the magnetoplumbite structure P63/mmc in all samples and high crystallized structure at 1050 °C, with the occurrence of α-Fe2O3 at 1100 °C. Grain growth and crystallization observed to increase at higher sintering temperature with agglomeration while denser and melted boundaries at lower temperatures. Magnetic properties especially remanence magnetization Mr and saturation magnetization Ms fluctuated with sintering temperature achieving optimum values of 28.188 emu/g and 55.622 emu/g at 1000 °C respectively. Coercivity Hc and magnetic energy density BH max recorded optimum values at 1050 °C. The findings emphasize the critical role of microwave sintering in tailoring the properties of strontium hexaferrite for magnetic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-114356 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T02:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1143562025-01-14T07:22:46Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114356/ Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate Matran, Wail M. Mustapha, Mazli Nor, Mohd Faizairi Mustapha, Faizal Alakbari, Fahd Saeed Al-shawesh, Gamal Bawahab, Mohammed In recent decades, the rising demand for permanent magnetic materials has driven manufacturers to explore substitutes for rare earth elements in response to their fluctuating prices and negative environmental impact. M-type hexaferrites considered as good alternatives and studies have focused on enhancing their magnetic and structural properties through various approaches. In this study, new approach using low heating rate microwave sintering has been applied to investigate the changes on density, microstructure, and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite from core to surface. Sintering temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C with 10 °C/minute heating rate were applied accordingly. The bulk density, FESEM, XRD and VSM tests were conducted to study materials’ properties. The outcomes of the study showed exponential relationship between density and sintering temperature reaching optimum value of 91.4 % at 1050 °C and then declined slightly at observed to analysis confirmed the magnetoplumbite structure P63/mmc in all samples and high crystallized structure at 1050 °C, with the occurrence of α-Fe2O3 at 1100 °C. Grain growth and crystallization observed to increase at higher sintering temperature with agglomeration while denser and melted boundaries at lower temperatures. Magnetic properties especially remanence magnetization Mr and saturation magnetization Ms fluctuated with sintering temperature achieving optimum values of 28.188 emu/g and 55.622 emu/g at 1000 °C respectively. Coercivity Hc and magnetic energy density BH max recorded optimum values at 1050 °C. The findings emphasize the critical role of microwave sintering in tailoring the properties of strontium hexaferrite for magnetic applications. Elsevier 2024-09-30 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114356/1/114356.pdf Matran, Wail M. and Mustapha, Mazli and Nor, Mohd Faizairi and Mustapha, Faizal and Alakbari, Fahd Saeed and Al-shawesh, Gamal and Bawahab, Mohammed (2024) Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate. Heliyon, 10 (20). art. no. e38766. pp. 1-12. ISSN 2405-8440; eISSN: 2405-8440 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844024147974 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38766 |
| spellingShingle | Matran, Wail M. Mustapha, Mazli Nor, Mohd Faizairi Mustapha, Faizal Alakbari, Fahd Saeed Al-shawesh, Gamal Bawahab, Mohammed Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title | Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title_full | Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title_fullStr | Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title_short | Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| title_sort | effect of microwave sintering on density microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114356/1/114356.pdf |
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