Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review
The paramount importance of lithium (Li) nowadays and the mounting volume of untreated spent LIB have imposed pressure on innovators to tackle the near-term issue of Li resource depletion through recycling. The trajectory of research dedicated to recycling has skyrocketed in this decade, reflecting...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Royal Society of Chemistry
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/115448/1/115448.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825940669225500672 |
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| author | Kasri, Mohamad Arif Mohd Halizan, Muhammad Zharfan Harun, Irina Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan Daud, Nuraini Aizamddin, Muhammad Faiz Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira Abd Rahman, Norazah Shafiee, Saiful Arifin Mahat, Mohd Muzamir |
| author_facet | Kasri, Mohamad Arif Mohd Halizan, Muhammad Zharfan Harun, Irina Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan Daud, Nuraini Aizamddin, Muhammad Faiz Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira Abd Rahman, Norazah Shafiee, Saiful Arifin Mahat, Mohd Muzamir |
| author_sort | Kasri, Mohamad Arif |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The paramount importance of lithium (Li) nowadays and the mounting volume of untreated spent LIB have imposed pressure on innovators to tackle the near-term issue of Li resource depletion through recycling. The trajectory of research dedicated to recycling has skyrocketed in this decade, reflecting the global commitment to addressing the issues surrounding Li resources. Although metallurgical methods, such as pyro- and hydrometallurgy, are presently prevalent in Li recycling, they exhibit unsustainable operational characteristics including elevated temperatures, the utilization of substantial quantities of expensive chemicals, and the generation of emissions containing toxic gases such as Cl2, SO2, and NOx. Therefore, the alternative electrochemical method has gained growing attention, as it involves a more straightforward operation leveraging ion-selective features and employing water as the main reagent, which is seen as more environmentally benign. Despite this, intensive efforts are still required to advance the electrochemical method toward commercialisation. This review highlights the key points in the electrochemical method that demand attention, including the feasibility of a large-scale setup, consideration of the substantial volume of electrolyte consumption, the design of membranes with the desired features, a suitable layout of the membrane, and the absence of techno-economic assessments for the electrochemical method. The perspectives presented herein provide a crucial understanding of the challenges of advancing the technological readiness level of the electrochemical method. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-07T13:05:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-115448 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-07T13:05:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-1154482025-03-04T07:21:21Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/115448/ Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review Kasri, Mohamad Arif Mohd Halizan, Muhammad Zharfan Harun, Irina Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan Daud, Nuraini Aizamddin, Muhammad Faiz Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira Abd Rahman, Norazah Shafiee, Saiful Arifin Mahat, Mohd Muzamir The paramount importance of lithium (Li) nowadays and the mounting volume of untreated spent LIB have imposed pressure on innovators to tackle the near-term issue of Li resource depletion through recycling. The trajectory of research dedicated to recycling has skyrocketed in this decade, reflecting the global commitment to addressing the issues surrounding Li resources. Although metallurgical methods, such as pyro- and hydrometallurgy, are presently prevalent in Li recycling, they exhibit unsustainable operational characteristics including elevated temperatures, the utilization of substantial quantities of expensive chemicals, and the generation of emissions containing toxic gases such as Cl2, SO2, and NOx. Therefore, the alternative electrochemical method has gained growing attention, as it involves a more straightforward operation leveraging ion-selective features and employing water as the main reagent, which is seen as more environmentally benign. Despite this, intensive efforts are still required to advance the electrochemical method toward commercialisation. This review highlights the key points in the electrochemical method that demand attention, including the feasibility of a large-scale setup, consideration of the substantial volume of electrolyte consumption, the design of membranes with the desired features, a suitable layout of the membrane, and the absence of techno-economic assessments for the electrochemical method. The perspectives presented herein provide a crucial understanding of the challenges of advancing the technological readiness level of the electrochemical method. Royal Society of Chemistry 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/115448/1/115448.pdf Kasri, Mohamad Arif and Mohd Halizan, Muhammad Zharfan and Harun, Irina and Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan and Daud, Nuraini and Aizamddin, Muhammad Faiz and Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira and Abd Rahman, Norazah and Shafiee, Saiful Arifin and Mahat, Mohd Muzamir (2024) Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review. RSC Advances, 14 (22). pp. 15515-15541. ISSN 2046-2069 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ra/d4ra00972j 10.1039/d4ra00972j |
| spellingShingle | Kasri, Mohamad Arif Mohd Halizan, Muhammad Zharfan Harun, Irina Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan Daud, Nuraini Aizamddin, Muhammad Faiz Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira Abd Rahman, Norazah Shafiee, Saiful Arifin Mahat, Mohd Muzamir Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title | Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title_full | Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title_fullStr | Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title_short | Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review |
| title_sort | addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method a review |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/115448/1/115448.pdf |
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