Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia
Iron deficiency and anaemia affect millions of children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency with or without anaemia on cognitive functions, specifically with short-term memory, attention and visualmotor coordination in children. A total of 173 primary school chil...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nutrition Society of Malaysia
2010
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13316/1/Association%20of%20iron%20deficiency%20with%20or%20without%20anaemia%20and%20cognitive%20functions%20among%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Malaysia.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825945213251616768 |
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| author | Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan Mitra, Amal Krishna Abdullah, Rohani Abdul Karim, Norimah |
| author_facet | Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan Mitra, Amal Krishna Abdullah, Rohani Abdul Karim, Norimah |
| author_sort | Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Iron deficiency and anaemia affect millions of children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency with or without anaemia on cognitive functions, specifically with short-term memory, attention and visualmotor coordination in children. A total of 173 primary school children was enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Three sub-tests were selected to assess processing speed (coding test), immediate auditory memory (digit span test) and visual processing and problem solving ability (maze test). The results showed significant correlation between age and coding test (r =0.38, p<0.001), digit span test (r =0.16, p = 0.028), and maze test scores (r =0.28, p<0.001), and the total sub-test scores (r=0.43, p <.001). After age adjustment of the cognitive function tests, iron deficientchildren without anaemia scored significantly lower than the healthy children (p<0.001) on coding test, while iron deficient children with anaemia and iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower (p<0.001) than the healthy counterparts on maze test. No significant differences were observed on digit-span score among the groups. This study confirms the negative effect of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia on processing speed and visualmotor coordination in children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:28:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-13316 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:28:00Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Nutrition Society of Malaysia |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-133162015-10-08T00:47:31Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13316/ Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan Mitra, Amal Krishna Abdullah, Rohani Abdul Karim, Norimah Iron deficiency and anaemia affect millions of children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency with or without anaemia on cognitive functions, specifically with short-term memory, attention and visualmotor coordination in children. A total of 173 primary school children was enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Three sub-tests were selected to assess processing speed (coding test), immediate auditory memory (digit span test) and visual processing and problem solving ability (maze test). The results showed significant correlation between age and coding test (r =0.38, p<0.001), digit span test (r =0.16, p = 0.028), and maze test scores (r =0.28, p<0.001), and the total sub-test scores (r=0.43, p <.001). After age adjustment of the cognitive function tests, iron deficientchildren without anaemia scored significantly lower than the healthy children (p<0.001) on coding test, while iron deficient children with anaemia and iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower (p<0.001) than the healthy counterparts on maze test. No significant differences were observed on digit-span score among the groups. This study confirms the negative effect of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia on processing speed and visualmotor coordination in children. Nutrition Society of Malaysia 2010 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13316/1/Association%20of%20iron%20deficiency%20with%20or%20without%20anaemia%20and%20cognitive%20functions%20among%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Malaysia.pdf Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan and Mitra, Amal Krishna and Abdullah, Rohani and Abdul Karim, Norimah (2010) Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 16 (2). 261 - 270. ISSN 1394-035X http://nutriweb.org.my/publications/mjn0016_2/Hamid%20Jan%20261-270.php |
| spellingShingle | Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan Mitra, Amal Krishna Abdullah, Rohani Abdul Karim, Norimah Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title | Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title_full | Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title_short | Association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in Malaysia |
| title_sort | association of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and cognitive functions among primary school children in malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13316/1/Association%20of%20iron%20deficiency%20with%20or%20without%20anaemia%20and%20cognitive%20functions%20among%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Malaysia.pdf |
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