Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions.
The photocatalytically driven removal of eco-persistent 4-chlorophenol from water using ZnO is reported here. Kinetic dependence of transformation rate on operating variables such as initial 4-chlorophenol concentration and photocatalyst doses was investigated. A complete degradation of 4-chlorophen...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Elsevier
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16187/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%204.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825945767271989248 |
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| author | Gaya, Umar Ibrahim Abdullah, Abdul Halim Zainal, Zulkarnain Hussein, Mohd. Zobir |
| author_facet | Gaya, Umar Ibrahim Abdullah, Abdul Halim Zainal, Zulkarnain Hussein, Mohd. Zobir |
| author_sort | Gaya, Umar Ibrahim |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The photocatalytically driven removal of eco-persistent 4-chlorophenol from water using ZnO is reported here. Kinetic dependence of transformation rate on operating variables such as initial 4-chlorophenol concentration and photocatalyst doses was investigated. A complete degradation of 4-chlorophenol at 50 mg L−1 levels was realised in 3 h. Analytical profiles on 4-chlorophenol transformation were consistent with the best-line fit of the pseudo zero-order kinetics. The addition of small amounts of inorganic anions as SO42−, HPO4−, S2O82− and Cl− revealed two anion types: active site blockers and rate enhancers. Fortunately, Cl− and SO42− commonly encountered in contaminated waters enhanced the rate of 4-chlorophenol degradation. The reaction intermediates and route to 4-chlorophenol mineralisation were elucidated by combined RP-HPLC and GC–MS methods. In addition to previously reported pathway products of 4-chlorophenol photo-oxidation catechol was detected. A radical mechanism involving o-hydroxylation is proposed to account for the formation of catechol.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:36:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-16187 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:36:35Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-161872015-11-30T06:48:22Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16187/ Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. Gaya, Umar Ibrahim Abdullah, Abdul Halim Zainal, Zulkarnain Hussein, Mohd. Zobir The photocatalytically driven removal of eco-persistent 4-chlorophenol from water using ZnO is reported here. Kinetic dependence of transformation rate on operating variables such as initial 4-chlorophenol concentration and photocatalyst doses was investigated. A complete degradation of 4-chlorophenol at 50 mg L−1 levels was realised in 3 h. Analytical profiles on 4-chlorophenol transformation were consistent with the best-line fit of the pseudo zero-order kinetics. The addition of small amounts of inorganic anions as SO42−, HPO4−, S2O82− and Cl− revealed two anion types: active site blockers and rate enhancers. Fortunately, Cl− and SO42− commonly encountered in contaminated waters enhanced the rate of 4-chlorophenol degradation. The reaction intermediates and route to 4-chlorophenol mineralisation were elucidated by combined RP-HPLC and GC–MS methods. In addition to previously reported pathway products of 4-chlorophenol photo-oxidation catechol was detected. A radical mechanism involving o-hydroxylation is proposed to account for the formation of catechol. Elsevier 2009 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16187/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%204.pdf Gaya, Umar Ibrahim and Abdullah, Abdul Halim and Zainal, Zulkarnain and Hussein, Mohd. Zobir (2009) Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (1). pp. 57-63. ISSN 0304-3894 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.130 English |
| spellingShingle | Gaya, Umar Ibrahim Abdullah, Abdul Halim Zainal, Zulkarnain Hussein, Mohd. Zobir Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title | Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title_full | Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title_short | Photocatalytic treatment of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous ZnO suspensions : intermediates, influence of dosage and inorganic anions. |
| title_sort | photocatalytic treatment of 4 chlorophenol in aqueous zno suspensions intermediates influence of dosage and inorganic anions |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16187/1/Photocatalytic%20treatment%20of%204.pdf |
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