Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects.
Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used. Methods: Trained nurses obtained two blood pressu...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
WB Saunders
2008
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16336/1/Prevalence.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825945796349001728 |
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| author | Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal Md. Zain, Azhar Rampal, Sanjay Rahman, Abdul Rashid |
| author_facet | Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal Md. Zain, Azhar Rampal, Sanjay Rahman, Abdul Rashid |
| author_sort | Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Study design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of
Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used.
Methods:
Trained nurses obtained two blood pressure measurements from each subject. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure 4140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure490 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication. All data were analysed using Stata 9.2 software and took the complex survey design into account. A two-sided P-value of o0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
The overall prevalence of hypertension for subjects aged X15 years was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9–28.8). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males (29.6%, 95% CI 28.3–31.0) compared with females (26.0%, 95% CI 25.0–27.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of having hypertension increased with increasing age, in males, in subjects with a
family history of hypertension, with increasing body mass index, in non-smokers and with decreasing levels of education. Only 34.6% of the subjects with hypertension
were aware of their hypertensive status, and 32.4 were taking antihypertensive medication. Amongst the latter group, only 26.8% had their blood pressure under control. The prevalence of hypertension amongst those aged X30 years has increased from 32.9% in 1996 to 40.5% in 2004.
Conclusion:
In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are low. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Malaysians. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:37:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-16336 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:37:07Z |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publisher | WB Saunders |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-163362015-11-30T07:36:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16336/ Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal Md. Zain, Azhar Rampal, Sanjay Rahman, Abdul Rashid Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used. Methods: Trained nurses obtained two blood pressure measurements from each subject. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure 4140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure490 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication. All data were analysed using Stata 9.2 software and took the complex survey design into account. A two-sided P-value of o0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension for subjects aged X15 years was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9–28.8). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males (29.6%, 95% CI 28.3–31.0) compared with females (26.0%, 95% CI 25.0–27.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of having hypertension increased with increasing age, in males, in subjects with a family history of hypertension, with increasing body mass index, in non-smokers and with decreasing levels of education. Only 34.6% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their hypertensive status, and 32.4 were taking antihypertensive medication. Amongst the latter group, only 26.8% had their blood pressure under control. The prevalence of hypertension amongst those aged X30 years has increased from 32.9% in 1996 to 40.5% in 2004. Conclusion: In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are low. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Malaysians. WB Saunders 2008 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16336/1/Prevalence.pdf Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal and Md. Zain, Azhar and Rampal, Sanjay and Rahman, Abdul Rashid (2008) Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. Public Health, 122. pp. 11-18. ISSN 0033-3506, ESSN: 1476-5616 http://www.elsevier.com/ Hypertension - Cross-sectional study - Malaysia. Hypertension - Treatment - Malaysia. Hypertension - Prevention and control. 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.05.008 English |
| spellingShingle | Hypertension - Cross-sectional study - Malaysia. Hypertension - Treatment - Malaysia. Hypertension - Prevention and control. Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal Md. Zain, Azhar Rampal, Sanjay Rahman, Abdul Rashid Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title | Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title_full | Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title_short | Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. |
| title_sort | prevalence awareness treatment and control of hypertension in malaysia a national study of 16 440 subjects |
| topic | Hypertension - Cross-sectional study - Malaysia. Hypertension - Treatment - Malaysia. Hypertension - Prevention and control. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16336/1/Prevalence.pdf |
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