Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor
Rice bran lipase (RBL) was preserved and immobilized onto the rice bran by treating with phosphate buffer. The activities of RBL were determined by the esterification assay using oleic acid and glycerol (molar ratio of 2:1) as substrate and hexane as reaction medium. The effects of immobilization...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2006
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/207/2/549040_fk_2006_9_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796965904338124800 |
|---|---|
| author | Chong, Fui Chin |
| author_facet | Chong, Fui Chin |
| author_sort | Chong, Fui Chin |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Rice bran lipase (RBL) was preserved and immobilized onto the rice bran by treating
with phosphate buffer. The activities of RBL were determined by the esterification assay
using oleic acid and glycerol (molar ratio of 2:1) as substrate and hexane as reaction
medium. The effects of immobilization on the stability of RBL at higher temperature and
in organic solvent were examined. The untreated and immobilized RBL exhibited the
highest esterification activity of 1.25 and 3.55 U/g at 45 and 65ºC respectively. At 75°C,
the untreated RBL completely lost its esterification activity whereas the immobilized
lipase still posses 48% esterification activity. The immobilized RBL retained a relative
esterification activity above 80% after 16 hours of incubation in hexane compared to only
50% for that of the untreated RBL. As a result, the immobilized RBL was selected for the
subsequent experiment of esterification of free fatty acid from palm oil fatty acid
distillate (PFAD) with glycerol in hexane to produce acylglycerols (MAG and DAG).
The esterification mixture: PFAD (20 g), glycerol (3.35 g) (as glycerol/fatty acid ratio 1:2 molar), hexane (40 g), silica gel (10 g) and immobilized RBL (100 g) was well mixed by
shaking at 100 rpm. The maximum degree of esterification, 69.8%, was achieved at 65ºC
after 2 hours reaction.
A packed bed reactor (PBR) was designed and constructed based on the esterification
result obtained from the shaked flask experiment. The developed PBR in this study had
an efficient heating system, and a water removal system to remove the reaction water
from the esterification reaction. The material of construction of the jacketed thermostated
packed bed vessel is stainless steel (SUS 304), which is resistant to corrosion and
non-toxic to the process enzyme. The reactor is mobile and easy to operate, where the
loading and unloading process of the immobilized enzyme is simple to carry out. The
result of performance test showed that the heating system installed is efficient to control
the temperature in the packed enzyme bed.
The intensified esterification reaction was operated by circulating of 10 l reaction
mixtures (PFAD and glycerol) in hexane through a packed bed column filled with 10 kg
of immobilized RBL. The process parameters that can influence the performance of PBR
such as reaction time, reaction temperature and type of water removal agent were
investigated. The esterification reaction in PBR was optimum at reaction temperature of
65ºC and the use of silica gels (1 kg) as water removal agents. The product of
esterification (MAG and DAG) was qualitatively identified by rapid thin-layer
chromatography (TLC) method. The performance of PBR was generally better than that
in shaked flask in terms of maximum degree of esterification and reaction time required.The intensified esterification of PFAD and glycerol catalysed by immobilized RBL in the
self fabricated PBR had resulted a comparable 61% in maximum degree of esterification
and 0.5 h shorter in reaction time than that in shaked flask, at reaction temperature of
65ºC and the use of silica gels (1 kg) as water removal agent.
Since both rice bran and PFAD are agroindustrial residues and abundantly available in
Malaysia, the successful of application of RBL as biocatalyst for the esterification of FFA
from PFAD with glycerol in hexane to produce MAG and DAG has a very important
impact both on the economy and environmental aspect of rice and palm oil process
industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T06:52:35Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm.eprints-207 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T06:52:35Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-2072013-05-27T06:46:33Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/207/ Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor Chong, Fui Chin Rice bran lipase (RBL) was preserved and immobilized onto the rice bran by treating with phosphate buffer. The activities of RBL were determined by the esterification assay using oleic acid and glycerol (molar ratio of 2:1) as substrate and hexane as reaction medium. The effects of immobilization on the stability of RBL at higher temperature and in organic solvent were examined. The untreated and immobilized RBL exhibited the highest esterification activity of 1.25 and 3.55 U/g at 45 and 65ºC respectively. At 75°C, the untreated RBL completely lost its esterification activity whereas the immobilized lipase still posses 48% esterification activity. The immobilized RBL retained a relative esterification activity above 80% after 16 hours of incubation in hexane compared to only 50% for that of the untreated RBL. As a result, the immobilized RBL was selected for the subsequent experiment of esterification of free fatty acid from palm oil fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with glycerol in hexane to produce acylglycerols (MAG and DAG). The esterification mixture: PFAD (20 g), glycerol (3.35 g) (as glycerol/fatty acid ratio 1:2 molar), hexane (40 g), silica gel (10 g) and immobilized RBL (100 g) was well mixed by shaking at 100 rpm. The maximum degree of esterification, 69.8%, was achieved at 65ºC after 2 hours reaction. A packed bed reactor (PBR) was designed and constructed based on the esterification result obtained from the shaked flask experiment. The developed PBR in this study had an efficient heating system, and a water removal system to remove the reaction water from the esterification reaction. The material of construction of the jacketed thermostated packed bed vessel is stainless steel (SUS 304), which is resistant to corrosion and non-toxic to the process enzyme. The reactor is mobile and easy to operate, where the loading and unloading process of the immobilized enzyme is simple to carry out. The result of performance test showed that the heating system installed is efficient to control the temperature in the packed enzyme bed. The intensified esterification reaction was operated by circulating of 10 l reaction mixtures (PFAD and glycerol) in hexane through a packed bed column filled with 10 kg of immobilized RBL. The process parameters that can influence the performance of PBR such as reaction time, reaction temperature and type of water removal agent were investigated. The esterification reaction in PBR was optimum at reaction temperature of 65ºC and the use of silica gels (1 kg) as water removal agents. The product of esterification (MAG and DAG) was qualitatively identified by rapid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. The performance of PBR was generally better than that in shaked flask in terms of maximum degree of esterification and reaction time required.The intensified esterification of PFAD and glycerol catalysed by immobilized RBL in the self fabricated PBR had resulted a comparable 61% in maximum degree of esterification and 0.5 h shorter in reaction time than that in shaked flask, at reaction temperature of 65ºC and the use of silica gels (1 kg) as water removal agent. Since both rice bran and PFAD are agroindustrial residues and abundantly available in Malaysia, the successful of application of RBL as biocatalyst for the esterification of FFA from PFAD with glycerol in hexane to produce MAG and DAG has a very important impact both on the economy and environmental aspect of rice and palm oil process industry. 2006-03 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/207/2/549040_fk_2006_9_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf Chong, Fui Chin (2006) Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Oil palm - Fatty acids - Distillation - Case studies English |
| spellingShingle | Oil palm - Fatty acids - Distillation - Case studies Chong, Fui Chin Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title | Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title_full | Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title_fullStr | Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title_short | Production of Mono-and Diacylglycerols from the Esterification of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Immobilized Rice Bran Lipase in a Packed Bed Reactor |
| title_sort | production of mono and diacylglycerols from the esterification of palm oil fatty acid distillate catalyzed by immobilized rice bran lipase in a packed bed reactor |
| topic | Oil palm - Fatty acids - Distillation - Case studies |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/207/2/549040_fk_2006_9_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chongfuichin productionofmonoanddiacylglycerolsfromtheesterificationofpalmoilfattyaciddistillatecatalyzedbyimmobilizedricebranlipaseinapackedbedreactor |