Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22554/1/22554.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796970183890305024 |
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| author | Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Lam, Hon Loong |
| author_facet | Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Lam, Hon Loong |
| author_sort | Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the “process graph” (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:54:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-22554 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:54:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-225542020-02-06T03:19:12Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22554/ Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Lam, Hon Loong The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the “process graph” (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission). MDPI 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22554/1/22554.pdf Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah and Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana and Lam, Hon Loong (2019) Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia. Processes, 7 (10). art. no. 752. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2227-9717 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/7/10/752 10.3390/pr7100752 |
| spellingShingle | Ali, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Lam, Hon Loong Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title | Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title_full | Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title_short | Conversion technologies: evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in Malaysia |
| title_sort | conversion technologies evaluation of economic performance and environmental impact analysis for municipal solid waste in malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22554/1/22554.pdf |
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