Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques.
This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Springer Verlag
2011
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23558/1/Spatial%20water%20quality%20assessment%20of%20Langat%20River%20Basin.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825925382979715072 |
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| author | Juahir, Hafizan M. Zain, Sharifuddin Yusoff, Mohd Kamil Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza Mohd Armi, A. S. Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan Mokhtar, Mazlin |
| author_facet | Juahir, Hafizan M. Zain, Sharifuddin Yusoff, Mohd Kamil Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza Mohd Armi, A. S. Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan Mokhtar, Mazlin |
| author_sort | Juahir, Hafizan |
| collection | UPM |
| description | This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:57:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-23558 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:57:14Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Springer Verlag |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-235582015-10-06T03:43:46Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23558/ Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. Juahir, Hafizan M. Zain, Sharifuddin Yusoff, Mohd Kamil Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza Mohd Armi, A. S. Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan Mokhtar, Mazlin This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data. Springer Verlag 2011-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23558/1/Spatial%20water%20quality%20assessment%20of%20Langat%20River%20Basin.pdf Juahir, Hafizan and M. Zain, Sharifuddin and Yusoff, Mohd Kamil and Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza and Mohd Armi, A. S. and Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan and Mokhtar, Mazlin (2011) Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173 (1-4). pp. 625-641. ISSN 0167-6369; ESSN:1573-2959 http://link.springer.com/ 10.1007/s10661-010-1411-x English |
| spellingShingle | Juahir, Hafizan M. Zain, Sharifuddin Yusoff, Mohd Kamil Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza Mohd Armi, A. S. Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan Mokhtar, Mazlin Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title | Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title_full | Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title_fullStr | Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title_short | Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) Using environmetric techniques. |
| title_sort | spatial water quality assessment of langat river basin malaysia using environmetric techniques |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23558/1/Spatial%20water%20quality%20assessment%20of%20Langat%20River%20Basin.pdf |
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