Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia.
Water fluoridation is a common practice in different parts of the world, mostly as a means of decontaminating water. It has been used in developed, as well as in developing countries. In recent years however, other countries have minimized, even eliminated its use due to health issues. In Central As...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2013
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28594/1/Health%20Effects%20Associated%20with%20Fluoridated%20Water%20Sources.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796971360589709312 |
|---|---|
| author | Ali, Salmiaton Harun, Mohd Razif Idris, Azni Bashir, Muhammad Tariq |
| author_facet | Ali, Salmiaton Harun, Mohd Razif Idris, Azni Bashir, Muhammad Tariq |
| author_sort | Ali, Salmiaton |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Water fluoridation is a common practice in different parts of the world, mostly as a means of decontaminating water. It has been used in developed, as well as in developing countries. In recent years however, other countries have minimized, even eliminated its use due to health issues. In Central Asia, usage of fluoride is profoundly extant, thus occasioning the citizens’ exposure to various health risks. An excessive level of fluoride causes various health issues, mostly on dental and skeletal fluorosis which often leads to vulnerabilities in the bones and teeth. Studies also indicate that excessive levels of fluoride have been known to contribute to poor neurological development among children, hip fractures to older adults, as well as osterosclerosis. Moreover, the review has concluded that fluoride contamination in groundwater is very high in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In contrast, fluoride levels are below threshold value of 1.5 mg/L in Bangladesh. Fluorosis cases have been observed in Nepal but available data is quite unsystematic and incomplete, thus rendering them of no statistical significance. In India, districts such as Kerala, Gujrat, Bakresh (West Bengal), Khudra (Orissa), Manikaran (Hima Pradesh), Unkeeher (Mahar) and Tattapani (Chattisgarh) are currently facing a high level of fluoride. In Pakistan, fluoride data of 29 major cities are reviewed and 34% of the cities show fluoride levels with mean value greater than 1.5 mg/L where Lahore and Quetta are having the maximum values of 23.60 mg/L and 24.48 mg/L, respectively. Sri Lankan dry zone is polluted with fluoride having maximum value of 8.00 mg/L. Considering these verities, health authorities urgently need to establish alternative means of water decontamination in order to prevent associated health problems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:11:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-28594 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:11:59Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-285942015-09-10T08:29:38Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28594/ Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. Ali, Salmiaton Harun, Mohd Razif Idris, Azni Bashir, Muhammad Tariq Water fluoridation is a common practice in different parts of the world, mostly as a means of decontaminating water. It has been used in developed, as well as in developing countries. In recent years however, other countries have minimized, even eliminated its use due to health issues. In Central Asia, usage of fluoride is profoundly extant, thus occasioning the citizens’ exposure to various health risks. An excessive level of fluoride causes various health issues, mostly on dental and skeletal fluorosis which often leads to vulnerabilities in the bones and teeth. Studies also indicate that excessive levels of fluoride have been known to contribute to poor neurological development among children, hip fractures to older adults, as well as osterosclerosis. Moreover, the review has concluded that fluoride contamination in groundwater is very high in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In contrast, fluoride levels are below threshold value of 1.5 mg/L in Bangladesh. Fluorosis cases have been observed in Nepal but available data is quite unsystematic and incomplete, thus rendering them of no statistical significance. In India, districts such as Kerala, Gujrat, Bakresh (West Bengal), Khudra (Orissa), Manikaran (Hima Pradesh), Unkeeher (Mahar) and Tattapani (Chattisgarh) are currently facing a high level of fluoride. In Pakistan, fluoride data of 29 major cities are reviewed and 34% of the cities show fluoride levels with mean value greater than 1.5 mg/L where Lahore and Quetta are having the maximum values of 23.60 mg/L and 24.48 mg/L, respectively. Sri Lankan dry zone is polluted with fluoride having maximum value of 8.00 mg/L. Considering these verities, health authorities urgently need to establish alternative means of water decontamination in order to prevent associated health problems. 2013 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28594/1/Health%20Effects%20Associated%20with%20Fluoridated%20Water%20Sources.pdf Ali, Salmiaton and Harun, Mohd Razif and Idris, Azni and Bashir, Muhammad Tariq (2013) Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 10 (3). pp. 29-37. ISSN 0972-9860 English |
| spellingShingle | Ali, Salmiaton Harun, Mohd Razif Idris, Azni Bashir, Muhammad Tariq Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title | Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title_full | Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title_fullStr | Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title_short | Health Effects Associated with Fluoridated Water Sources - A Review of Central Asia. |
| title_sort | health effects associated with fluoridated water sources a review of central asia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28594/1/Health%20Effects%20Associated%20with%20Fluoridated%20Water%20Sources.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alisalmiaton healtheffectsassociatedwithfluoridatedwatersourcesareviewofcentralasia AT harunmohdrazif healtheffectsassociatedwithfluoridatedwatersourcesareviewofcentralasia AT idrisazni healtheffectsassociatedwithfluoridatedwatersourcesareviewofcentralasia AT bashirmuhammadtariq healtheffectsassociatedwithfluoridatedwatersourcesareviewofcentralasia |