Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia?
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PM2.5 was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaura...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
2013
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29694/1/Second.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796971591424278528 |
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| author | Zainal Abidin, Emilia Hashim, Zailina Semple, Sean |
| author_facet | Zainal Abidin, Emilia Hashim, Zailina Semple, Sean |
| author_sort | Zainal Abidin, Emilia |
| collection | UPM |
| description | BACKGROUND: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: PM2.5 was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet cafes and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
RESULTS: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking was prohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premises where smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor PM2.5 concentration was 33.4 (23.8) μg/m3 compared to 187.1 (135.1) μg/m3 in premises where smoking was observed The highest mean PM2.5 was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) μg/m3].
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking is prohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularly poor in entertainment centres and internet cafes. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed to high concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increased enforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:15:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-29694 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:15:16Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-296942015-11-17T03:57:11Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29694/ Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? Zainal Abidin, Emilia Hashim, Zailina Semple, Sean BACKGROUND: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PM2.5 was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet cafes and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RESULTS: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking was prohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premises where smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor PM2.5 concentration was 33.4 (23.8) μg/m3 compared to 187.1 (135.1) μg/m3 in premises where smoking was observed The highest mean PM2.5 was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) μg/m3]. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking is prohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularly poor in entertainment centres and internet cafes. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed to high concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increased enforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health. Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention 2013 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29694/1/Second.pdf Zainal Abidin, Emilia and Hashim, Zailina and Semple, Sean (2013) Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14 (11). pp. 6845-6850. ISSN 1513-7368 http://www.apocpcontrol.org/page/apjcp_issues_view.php?sid=Entrez:PubMed&id=pmid:24377615&key=2013.14.11.6845 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6845 |
| spellingShingle | Zainal Abidin, Emilia Hashim, Zailina Semple, Sean Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title | Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title_full | Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title_fullStr | Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title_short | Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? |
| title_sort | second hand smoke in public spaces how effective has partial smoke free legislation been in malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29694/1/Second.pdf |
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