Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design
The D-optimal mixture experimental design was employed to optimize the melting point of natural lipstick based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil. The influence of the main lipstick components-pitaya seed oil (10%-25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (25%-45% w/w), beeswax (5%-25% w/w), candelilla w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34778/1/Optimization%20of%20Natural%20Lipstick%20Formulation%20Based%20on%20Pitaya.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796972573726081024 |
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| author | Kamairudin, Norsuhaili Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Masoumi, Hamid Reza Fard Hashim, Puziah |
| author_facet | Kamairudin, Norsuhaili Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Masoumi, Hamid Reza Fard Hashim, Puziah |
| author_sort | Kamairudin, Norsuhaili |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The D-optimal mixture experimental design was employed to optimize the melting point of natural lipstick based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil. The influence of the main lipstick components-pitaya seed oil (10%-25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (25%-45% w/w), beeswax (5%-25% w/w), candelilla wax (1%-5% w/w) and carnauba wax (1%-5% w/w)-were investigated with respect to the melting point properties of the lipstick formulation. The D-optimal mixture experimental design was applied to optimize the properties of lipstick by focusing on the melting point with respect to the above influencing components. The D-optimal mixture design analysis showed that the variation in the response (melting point) could be depicted as a quadratic function of the main components of the lipstick. The best combination of each significant factor determined by the D-optimal mixture design was established to be pitaya seed oil (25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (37% w/w), beeswax (17% w/w), candelilla wax (2% w/w) and carnauba wax (2% w/w). With respect to these factors, the 46.0 °C melting point property was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 46.5 °C. Carnauba wax is the most influential factor on this response (melting point) with its function being with respect to heat endurance. The quadratic polynomial model sufficiently fit the experimental data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:30:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-34778 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:30:01Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-347782015-12-23T01:07:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34778/ Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design Kamairudin, Norsuhaili Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Masoumi, Hamid Reza Fard Hashim, Puziah The D-optimal mixture experimental design was employed to optimize the melting point of natural lipstick based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil. The influence of the main lipstick components-pitaya seed oil (10%-25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (25%-45% w/w), beeswax (5%-25% w/w), candelilla wax (1%-5% w/w) and carnauba wax (1%-5% w/w)-were investigated with respect to the melting point properties of the lipstick formulation. The D-optimal mixture experimental design was applied to optimize the properties of lipstick by focusing on the melting point with respect to the above influencing components. The D-optimal mixture design analysis showed that the variation in the response (melting point) could be depicted as a quadratic function of the main components of the lipstick. The best combination of each significant factor determined by the D-optimal mixture design was established to be pitaya seed oil (25% w/w), virgin coconut oil (37% w/w), beeswax (17% w/w), candelilla wax (2% w/w) and carnauba wax (2% w/w). With respect to these factors, the 46.0 °C melting point property was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 46.5 °C. Carnauba wax is the most influential factor on this response (melting point) with its function being with respect to heat endurance. The quadratic polynomial model sufficiently fit the experimental data. MDPI 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34778/1/Optimization%20of%20Natural%20Lipstick%20Formulation%20Based%20on%20Pitaya.pdf Kamairudin, Norsuhaili and Abd Gani, Siti Salwa and Masoumi, Hamid Reza Fard and Hashim, Puziah (2014) Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design. Molecules, 19 (10). pp. 16672-16683. ISSN 1420-3049 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/10/16672 10.3390/molecules191016672 |
| spellingShingle | Kamairudin, Norsuhaili Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Masoumi, Hamid Reza Fard Hashim, Puziah Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title | Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title_full | Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title_short | Optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil using D-optimal mixture experimental design |
| title_sort | optimization of natural lipstick formulation based on pitaya hylocereus polyrhizus seed oil using d optimal mixture experimental design |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34778/1/Optimization%20of%20Natural%20Lipstick%20Formulation%20Based%20on%20Pitaya.pdf |
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