Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries
Background We attempted to identify the pathways by which demographic changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and availability of health factors influence life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Methods Data for 91 countries were obtained from United Nations agencies. The response...
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| Format: | Article |
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Japan Epidemiological Association
2014
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| _version_ | 1796972663088873472 |
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| author | Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam Shitan, Mahendran |
| author_facet | Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam Shitan, Mahendran |
| author_sort | Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Background
We attempted to identify the pathways by which demographic changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and availability of health factors influence life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
Methods
Data for 91 countries were obtained from United Nations agencies. The response variable was life expectancy, and the determinant factors were demographic events (total fertility rate and adolescent fertility rate), socioeconomic status (mean years of schooling and gross national income per capita), and health factors (physician density and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] prevalence rate). Path analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect, and total effects of these factors on life expectancy.
Results
All determinant factors were significantly correlated with life expectancy. Mean years of schooling, total fertility rate, and HIV prevalence rate had significant direct and indirect effects on life expectancy. The total effect of higher physician density was to increase life expectancy.
Conclusions
We identified several direct and indirect pathways that predict life expectancy. The findings suggest that policies should concentrate on improving reproductive decisions, increasing education, and reducing HIV transmission. In addition, special attention should be paid to the emerging need to increase life expectancy by increasing physician density. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:31:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-35216 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:31:40Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Japan Epidemiological Association |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-352162015-12-31T02:52:30Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35216/ Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam Shitan, Mahendran Background We attempted to identify the pathways by which demographic changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and availability of health factors influence life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Methods Data for 91 countries were obtained from United Nations agencies. The response variable was life expectancy, and the determinant factors were demographic events (total fertility rate and adolescent fertility rate), socioeconomic status (mean years of schooling and gross national income per capita), and health factors (physician density and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] prevalence rate). Path analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect, and total effects of these factors on life expectancy. Results All determinant factors were significantly correlated with life expectancy. Mean years of schooling, total fertility rate, and HIV prevalence rate had significant direct and indirect effects on life expectancy. The total effect of higher physician density was to increase life expectancy. Conclusions We identified several direct and indirect pathways that predict life expectancy. The findings suggest that policies should concentrate on improving reproductive decisions, increasing education, and reducing HIV transmission. In addition, special attention should be paid to the emerging need to increase life expectancy by increasing physician density. Japan Epidemiological Association 2014 Article PeerReviewed Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam and Shitan, Mahendran (2014) Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries. Journal of Epidemiology, 24 (2). pp. 117-124. ISSN 0917-5040 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jea/24/2/_contents 10.2188/jea.JE20130059 |
| spellingShingle | Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam Shitan, Mahendran Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title | Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title_full | Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title_fullStr | Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title_short | Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and low-middle income countries |
| title_sort | relative importance of demographic socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low and low middle income countries |
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