Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway
Background: Brewers' rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers' rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BioMed Central
2014
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36683/1/Brewers%E2%80%99%20rice%20induces%20apoptosis%20in%20azoxymethane-induced%20colon%20carcinogenesis%20in%20rats%20via%20suppression%20of%20cell%20proliferation%20and%20the%20Wnt%20signaling%20pathway.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796972966440861696 |
|---|---|
| author | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman Hamzah, Hazilawati Karim, Roselina |
| author_facet | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman Hamzah, Hazilawati Karim, Roselina |
| author_sort | Tan, Bee Ling |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Background: Brewers' rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers' rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventive potential of brewers' rice with colonic tumor formation and to examine further the mechanistic action of brewers' rice during colon carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) azoxymethane (AOM) alone and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers' rice, respectively. Rats in group 2 to 5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. Colon tumor incidence and multiplicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis-inducing activity was analyzed using a TUNEL assay. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Overall analyses revealed that brewers' rice reduced colon tumor incidence and multiplicity. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that brewers' rice decreased the expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TUNEL analysis demonstrated that administration of brewers' rice in AOM-induced rat colorectal cancer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggested that brewers' rice can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress COX-2 and β-catenin expression via the Wnt signaling pathway and holds great promise in the field of chemoprevention as a dietary agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:36:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-36683 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:36:03Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-366832015-12-01T02:19:34Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36683/ Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman Hamzah, Hazilawati Karim, Roselina Background: Brewers' rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers' rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventive potential of brewers' rice with colonic tumor formation and to examine further the mechanistic action of brewers' rice during colon carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) azoxymethane (AOM) alone and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers' rice, respectively. Rats in group 2 to 5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. Colon tumor incidence and multiplicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis-inducing activity was analyzed using a TUNEL assay. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Overall analyses revealed that brewers' rice reduced colon tumor incidence and multiplicity. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that brewers' rice decreased the expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TUNEL analysis demonstrated that administration of brewers' rice in AOM-induced rat colorectal cancer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggested that brewers' rice can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress COX-2 and β-catenin expression via the Wnt signaling pathway and holds great promise in the field of chemoprevention as a dietary agent. BioMed Central 2014-08 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36683/1/Brewers%E2%80%99%20rice%20induces%20apoptosis%20in%20azoxymethane-induced%20colon%20carcinogenesis%20in%20rats%20via%20suppression%20of%20cell%20proliferation%20and%20the%20Wnt%20signaling%20pathway.pdf Tan, Bee Ling and Mohd Esa, Norhaizan and Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman and Hamzah, Hazilawati and Karim, Roselina (2014) Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14. art. no. 304. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1472-6882 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/304 10.1186/1472-6882-14-304 |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman Hamzah, Hazilawati Karim, Roselina Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title | Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title_full | Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title_fullStr | Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title_short | Brewers’ rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway |
| title_sort | brewers rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the wnt signaling pathway |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36683/1/Brewers%E2%80%99%20rice%20induces%20apoptosis%20in%20azoxymethane-induced%20colon%20carcinogenesis%20in%20rats%20via%20suppression%20of%20cell%20proliferation%20and%20the%20Wnt%20signaling%20pathway.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tanbeeling brewersriceinducesapoptosisinazoxymethaneinducedcoloncarcinogenesisinratsviasuppressionofcellproliferationandthewntsignalingpathway AT mohdesanorhaizan brewersriceinducesapoptosisinazoxymethaneinducedcoloncarcinogenesisinratsviasuppressionofcellproliferationandthewntsignalingpathway AT rahmanheshusulaiman brewersriceinducesapoptosisinazoxymethaneinducedcoloncarcinogenesisinratsviasuppressionofcellproliferationandthewntsignalingpathway AT hamzahhazilawati brewersriceinducesapoptosisinazoxymethaneinducedcoloncarcinogenesisinratsviasuppressionofcellproliferationandthewntsignalingpathway AT karimroselina brewersriceinducesapoptosisinazoxymethaneinducedcoloncarcinogenesisinratsviasuppressionofcellproliferationandthewntsignalingpathway |