A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design
The goal of this study was to develop and statistically optimize the metronidazole (MET), chitosan (CS) and alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NP) nanocomposites (MET-CS-AlgNPs) using a (21 × 31 × 21) × 3 = 36 full factorial design (FFD) to investigate the effect of chitosan and alginate polymer concentr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38158/1/38158.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825949171291521024 |
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| author | Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan Hussein, Mohd Zobir Abudayeh, Zead Ayoub, Rami Abudoleh, Suha Mujahed |
| author_facet | Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan Hussein, Mohd Zobir Abudayeh, Zead Ayoub, Rami Abudoleh, Suha Mujahed |
| author_sort | Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The goal of this study was to develop and statistically optimize the metronidazole (MET), chitosan (CS) and alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NP) nanocomposites (MET-CS-AlgNPs) using a (21 × 31 × 21) × 3 = 36 full factorial design (FFD) to investigate the effect of chitosan and alginate polymer concentrations and calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration ondrug loading efficiency(LE), particle size and zeta potential. The concentration of CS, Alg and CaCl2 were taken as independent variables, while drug loading, particle size and zeta potential were taken as dependent variables. The study showed that the loading efficiency and particle size depend on the CS, Alg and CaCl2 concentrations, whereas zeta potential depends only on the Alg and CaCl2 concentrations. The MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro drug release studies. XRD datashowed that the crystalline properties of MET changed to an amorphous-like pattern when the nanocomposites were formed.The XRD pattern of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed reflections at 2θ = 14.2° and 22.1°, indicating that the formation of the nanocompositesprepared at the optimum conditions havea mean diameter of (165±20) nm, with a MET loading of (46.0 ± 2.1)% and a zeta potential of (−9.2 ± 0.5) mV.The FTIR data of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed some bands of MET, such as 3283, 1585 and 1413 cm−1, confirming the presence of the drug in the MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites. The TGA for the optimized sample of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed a 70.2% weight loss compared to 55.3% for CS-AlgNPs, and the difference is due to the incorporation of MET in the CS-AlgNPs for the formation of MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites. The release of MET from the nanocomposite showed sustained-release properties, indicating the presence of an interaction between MET and the polymer. The nanocomposite shows a smooth surface and spherical shape. The release profile of MET from its MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites was found to be governed by the second kinetic model (R2 between 0.956–0.990) with more than 90% release during the first 50 h, which suggests that the release of the MET drug can be extended or prolonged via the nanocomposite formulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:40:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-38158 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T08:40:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-381582020-05-03T23:00:20Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38158/ A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan Hussein, Mohd Zobir Abudayeh, Zead Ayoub, Rami Abudoleh, Suha Mujahed The goal of this study was to develop and statistically optimize the metronidazole (MET), chitosan (CS) and alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NP) nanocomposites (MET-CS-AlgNPs) using a (21 × 31 × 21) × 3 = 36 full factorial design (FFD) to investigate the effect of chitosan and alginate polymer concentrations and calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration ondrug loading efficiency(LE), particle size and zeta potential. The concentration of CS, Alg and CaCl2 were taken as independent variables, while drug loading, particle size and zeta potential were taken as dependent variables. The study showed that the loading efficiency and particle size depend on the CS, Alg and CaCl2 concentrations, whereas zeta potential depends only on the Alg and CaCl2 concentrations. The MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro drug release studies. XRD datashowed that the crystalline properties of MET changed to an amorphous-like pattern when the nanocomposites were formed.The XRD pattern of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed reflections at 2θ = 14.2° and 22.1°, indicating that the formation of the nanocompositesprepared at the optimum conditions havea mean diameter of (165±20) nm, with a MET loading of (46.0 ± 2.1)% and a zeta potential of (−9.2 ± 0.5) mV.The FTIR data of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed some bands of MET, such as 3283, 1585 and 1413 cm−1, confirming the presence of the drug in the MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites. The TGA for the optimized sample of MET-CS-AlgNPs showed a 70.2% weight loss compared to 55.3% for CS-AlgNPs, and the difference is due to the incorporation of MET in the CS-AlgNPs for the formation of MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites. The release of MET from the nanocomposite showed sustained-release properties, indicating the presence of an interaction between MET and the polymer. The nanocomposite shows a smooth surface and spherical shape. The release profile of MET from its MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites was found to be governed by the second kinetic model (R2 between 0.956–0.990) with more than 90% release during the first 50 h, which suggests that the release of the MET drug can be extended or prolonged via the nanocomposite formulation. MDPI 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38158/1/38158.pdf Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader and Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan and Hussein, Mohd Zobir and Abudayeh, Zead and Ayoub, Rami and Abudoleh, Suha Mujahed (2020) A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design. Polymers, 12 (4). art. no. 772. pp. 1-23. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/4/772 10.3390/polym12040772 |
| spellingShingle | Sabbagh, Hazem Abdul Kader Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan Hussein, Mohd Zobir Abudayeh, Zead Ayoub, Rami Abudoleh, Suha Mujahed A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title | A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title_full | A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title_fullStr | A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title_full_unstemmed | A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title_short | A statistical study on the development of metronidazole-chitosan-alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| title_sort | statistical study on the development of metronidazole chitosan alginate nanocomposite formulation using the full factorial design |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38158/1/38158.pdf |
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