Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ene...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2007
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825943785744367616 |
|---|---|
| author | Goh, Wei Chee |
| author_facet | Goh, Wei Chee |
| author_sort | Goh, Wei Chee |
| collection | UPM |
| description | In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified
natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural
rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Filtering
Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and
tensile measurement. To prepare the nanocomposites, the ODA-MMT and DDA-MMT
were blend with polypropylene and natural rubber in the ratio of 70: 30, by using an
internal mixer. The study of blending speed, temperature and period shows that under
the following blending conditions: 80 r.p.m. of rotor speed, temperature of 180oC and 6
minutes of blending period, the hybrid produced with maximum tensile strength and
elongation at break was obtained. The optimum clay content to give maximum tensile
strength is 1 php. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the blend, different amount of N, N’-m- phenylenedimaleimide (HVA-2) was blended with PPNR and their
properties were also studied by tensile measurement, TGA and dynamic mechanical
analysis (DMA). One php of HVA-2 was taken as the optimum concentration to be
incorporated in PPNR because it gave the highest tensile improvement. The tensile
properties and thermal degradation behaviour of PPNR/clay crosslinked with HVA-2
were then compared with the properties of PPNR/clay which consists of maleic
anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a compatibilizer. HVA-2 crosslinked
PPNR/clay shows higher tensile strength and elongation at break improvement
compared to that of the MAgPP compatibilized PPNR/clay. However, the TGA
thermograms of these two systems are very similar. The PPNR/HVA-2/clay
nanocomposites were further modified by changing their clay contents. XRD and TEM
analyses show that octadecylamine modified montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) and
dodecylamine modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) produce a mixture of
intercalation and flocculation, and of intercalation and exfoliation in the hybrids,
respectively. By incorporating 1 and 2 php of ODAMMT into the HVA-2 crosslinked
PPNR, the tensile strength of the hybrid increases about 10%. One php of DDAMMT
clay loaded in the blend causes 7% of increment in tensile strength. The thermal
degradation of both organoclay loaded blends is almost the same as the sample with the
low clay content. Increase the modified clay content to 5 php improves the degradation
temperature of 20oC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:05:43Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm.eprints-5027 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:05:43Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-50272013-05-27T07:19:52Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/ Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites Goh, Wei Chee In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and tensile measurement. To prepare the nanocomposites, the ODA-MMT and DDA-MMT were blend with polypropylene and natural rubber in the ratio of 70: 30, by using an internal mixer. The study of blending speed, temperature and period shows that under the following blending conditions: 80 r.p.m. of rotor speed, temperature of 180oC and 6 minutes of blending period, the hybrid produced with maximum tensile strength and elongation at break was obtained. The optimum clay content to give maximum tensile strength is 1 php. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the blend, different amount of N, N’-m- phenylenedimaleimide (HVA-2) was blended with PPNR and their properties were also studied by tensile measurement, TGA and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). One php of HVA-2 was taken as the optimum concentration to be incorporated in PPNR because it gave the highest tensile improvement. The tensile properties and thermal degradation behaviour of PPNR/clay crosslinked with HVA-2 were then compared with the properties of PPNR/clay which consists of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a compatibilizer. HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR/clay shows higher tensile strength and elongation at break improvement compared to that of the MAgPP compatibilized PPNR/clay. However, the TGA thermograms of these two systems are very similar. The PPNR/HVA-2/clay nanocomposites were further modified by changing their clay contents. XRD and TEM analyses show that octadecylamine modified montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) produce a mixture of intercalation and flocculation, and of intercalation and exfoliation in the hybrids, respectively. By incorporating 1 and 2 php of ODAMMT into the HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR, the tensile strength of the hybrid increases about 10%. One php of DDAMMT clay loaded in the blend causes 7% of increment in tensile strength. The thermal degradation of both organoclay loaded blends is almost the same as the sample with the low clay content. Increase the modified clay content to 5 php improves the degradation temperature of 20oC. 2007 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf Goh, Wei Chee (2007) Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. English |
| spellingShingle | Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Goh, Wei Chee Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of polypropylene natural rubber clay nanocomposites |
| topic | Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gohweichee preparationandcharacterizationofpolypropylenenaturalrubberclaynanocomposites |