Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers
The surfaces of kenaf core fiber (KCF), oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF), and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), were chemically modified using 5 wt.% aqueous sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) solution to enhance their hybrid fiber interface bonding with a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54172/1/Enhancement%20of%20the%20mechanical%20properties%20and%20dimensional%20stability%20of%20oil%20palm%20.pdf |
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| author | Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Zainuddin, Norhazlin Abdan, Khalina Then, Yoon Yee Chieng, Buong Woei |
| author_facet | Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Zainuddin, Norhazlin Abdan, Khalina Then, Yoon Yee Chieng, Buong Woei |
| author_sort | Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The surfaces of kenaf core fiber (KCF), oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF), and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), were chemically modified using 5 wt.% aqueous sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) solution to enhance their hybrid fiber interface bonding with a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The untreated fibers (KCF, EFBF, and OPMF) and treated fibers (BXKCF, BXEFBF, and BXOPMF), were examined using chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment caused minimal removal of lignin and significant elimination of hemicellulose and waxy substances. The treated and untreated KCF (5%), as a secondary fiber, was randomly mixed, respectively, with treated and untreated EFBF and OPMF (55%), melt-blended with PLA (40%), and subsequently compression-molded to form hybrid fiber-PLA biocomposites. The resulting composite is aimed to exhibit improvements in its mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The optimum results for tensile and flexural properties, as well as water uptake and thickness swelling, were observed for the borax-treated fibers in comparison with the untreated fibers. The BXEFBF-BXKCF-PLA biocomposites exhibited the best results. This work demonstrated that aqueous borax modification of natural fibers could offer a possible option to the most common mercerization method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:19:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-54172 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:19:53Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-541722018-03-02T02:08:01Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54172/ Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Zainuddin, Norhazlin Abdan, Khalina Then, Yoon Yee Chieng, Buong Woei The surfaces of kenaf core fiber (KCF), oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF), and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), were chemically modified using 5 wt.% aqueous sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) solution to enhance their hybrid fiber interface bonding with a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The untreated fibers (KCF, EFBF, and OPMF) and treated fibers (BXKCF, BXEFBF, and BXOPMF), were examined using chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment caused minimal removal of lignin and significant elimination of hemicellulose and waxy substances. The treated and untreated KCF (5%), as a secondary fiber, was randomly mixed, respectively, with treated and untreated EFBF and OPMF (55%), melt-blended with PLA (40%), and subsequently compression-molded to form hybrid fiber-PLA biocomposites. The resulting composite is aimed to exhibit improvements in its mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The optimum results for tensile and flexural properties, as well as water uptake and thickness swelling, were observed for the borax-treated fibers in comparison with the untreated fibers. The BXEFBF-BXKCF-PLA biocomposites exhibited the best results. This work demonstrated that aqueous borax modification of natural fibers could offer a possible option to the most common mercerization method. North Carolina State University 2016 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54172/1/Enhancement%20of%20the%20mechanical%20properties%20and%20dimensional%20stability%20of%20oil%20palm%20.pdf Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar and Ibrahim, Nor Azowa and Zainuddin, Norhazlin and Abdan, Khalina and Then, Yoon Yee and Chieng, Buong Woei (2016) Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers. BioResources, 11 (2). pp. 4865-4884. ISSN 1930-2126 http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_2_4865_Birnin_Yauri_Enhancement_Mechanical_Dimensional_Stability_Kenaf_Core Borax decahydrate; Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber; Oil palm mesocarp fiber; Kenaf core fiber; Poly(lactic acid); Hybrid biocomposite |
| spellingShingle | Borax decahydrate; Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber; Oil palm mesocarp fiber; Kenaf core fiber; Poly(lactic acid); Hybrid biocomposite Birnin-Yauri, Abubakar Umar Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Zainuddin, Norhazlin Abdan, Khalina Then, Yoon Yee Chieng, Buong Woei Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title | Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title_full | Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title_short | Enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch-kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp-kenaf core hybrid fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| title_sort | enhancement of the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of oil palm empty fruit bunch kenaf core and oil palm mesocarp kenaf core hybrid fiber reinforced poly lactic acid biocomposites by borax decahydrate modification of fibers |
| topic | Borax decahydrate; Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber; Oil palm mesocarp fiber; Kenaf core fiber; Poly(lactic acid); Hybrid biocomposite |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54172/1/Enhancement%20of%20the%20mechanical%20properties%20and%20dimensional%20stability%20of%20oil%20palm%20.pdf |
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