Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana)
Rubber trees were cut to the dimensions 25 mm x 140 mm x 1000 mm (R x T x L) and kiln-dried (10% to 12% moisture content, MC). The specimens (20 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm) (R x T x L) were prepared, and a Soxhlet extraction with toluene/methanol/acetone (4:1:1 by volume) was performed for 8 h. The specimens...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61286/1/Decay%20resistance%20of%20acetic%2C%20propionic%2C%20and%20butyric%20anhydrides%20modified%20rubberwood%20against%20brown%20rot%20%28Coniophora%20puteana%29.pdf |
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| author | Hassan, Nuraishah Hamid, Norul Hisham Jawaid, Mohammad Md. Tahir, Paridah Ujang, Salmiah |
| author_facet | Hassan, Nuraishah Hamid, Norul Hisham Jawaid, Mohammad Md. Tahir, Paridah Ujang, Salmiah |
| author_sort | Hassan, Nuraishah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Rubber trees were cut to the dimensions 25 mm x 140 mm x 1000 mm (R x T x L) and kiln-dried (10% to 12% moisture content, MC). The specimens (20 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm) (R x T x L) were prepared, and a Soxhlet extraction with toluene/methanol/acetone (4:1:1 by volume) was performed for 8 h. The specimens were oven-dried (103 °C for 24 h) and cooled (gel silica). Then, vacuum impregnation was conducted, and reactions with acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides took place for 0.25 h, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 10 h, 15 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, and 48 h at 120 °C. The chemical bonding was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The specimens were leached in deionized water and exposed to brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in an incubation room at 22 °C for 16 weeks. The fastest reaction was with butyric anhydride, then propionic and acetic anhydrides. The lowest weight loss occurred with acetic anhydride after being decayed by C. puteana at 14.0% weight percent gain (WPG). All of the modified rubberwoods (acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides) at the maximum WPG were classified as durability class 1. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation confirmed that the hyphae penetrated the cells in both the untreated and anhydride modified rubberwood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:40:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-61286 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:40:12Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-612862018-09-06T03:32:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61286/ Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) Hassan, Nuraishah Hamid, Norul Hisham Jawaid, Mohammad Md. Tahir, Paridah Ujang, Salmiah Rubber trees were cut to the dimensions 25 mm x 140 mm x 1000 mm (R x T x L) and kiln-dried (10% to 12% moisture content, MC). The specimens (20 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm) (R x T x L) were prepared, and a Soxhlet extraction with toluene/methanol/acetone (4:1:1 by volume) was performed for 8 h. The specimens were oven-dried (103 °C for 24 h) and cooled (gel silica). Then, vacuum impregnation was conducted, and reactions with acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides took place for 0.25 h, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 10 h, 15 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, and 48 h at 120 °C. The chemical bonding was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The specimens were leached in deionized water and exposed to brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in an incubation room at 22 °C for 16 weeks. The fastest reaction was with butyric anhydride, then propionic and acetic anhydrides. The lowest weight loss occurred with acetic anhydride after being decayed by C. puteana at 14.0% weight percent gain (WPG). All of the modified rubberwoods (acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides) at the maximum WPG were classified as durability class 1. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation confirmed that the hyphae penetrated the cells in both the untreated and anhydride modified rubberwood. North Carolina State University 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61286/1/Decay%20resistance%20of%20acetic%2C%20propionic%2C%20and%20butyric%20anhydrides%20modified%20rubberwood%20against%20brown%20rot%20%28Coniophora%20puteana%29.pdf Hassan, Nuraishah and Hamid, Norul Hisham and Jawaid, Mohammad and Md. Tahir, Paridah and Ujang, Salmiah (2017) Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana). BioResources, 12 (3). 4527 - 4546. ISSN 1930-2126 |
| spellingShingle | Hassan, Nuraishah Hamid, Norul Hisham Jawaid, Mohammad Md. Tahir, Paridah Ujang, Salmiah Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title | Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title_full | Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title_fullStr | Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title_short | Decay resistance of acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot (Coniophora puteana) |
| title_sort | decay resistance of acetic propionic and butyric anhydrides modified rubberwood against brown rot coniophora puteana |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/61286/1/Decay%20resistance%20of%20acetic%2C%20propionic%2C%20and%20butyric%20anhydrides%20modified%20rubberwood%20against%20brown%20rot%20%28Coniophora%20puteana%29.pdf |
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