Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities
In this study, 7-O-kojic acid monopalmitate (7-O-KAP) was synthesized using palmitic acid and kojic acid where the yield and biological activities were analyzed. The highest yield of 7-O-KAP (43%) can be obtained at molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70 °C, using immobili...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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M D P I AG
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62314/1/Lipase-catalyzed%20synthesis%20of%20kojic%20acid%20derivative%20in%20bioreactors.pdf |
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| author | Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus Hamid, Muhajir Ahmad, Syahida Ariff, Arbakariya |
| author_facet | Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus Hamid, Muhajir Ahmad, Syahida Ariff, Arbakariya |
| author_sort | Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus |
| collection | UPM |
| description | In this study, 7-O-kojic acid monopalmitate (7-O-KAP) was synthesized using palmitic acid and kojic acid where the yield and biological activities were analyzed. The highest yield of 7-O-KAP (43%) can be obtained at molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70 °C, using immobilized lipase N435 in solvent-free system. Stirred tank reactor (STR) provides better mixing of the substrates and biocatalyst with better yield of 7-O-KAP, compared to fluidized tank reactor (FTR) and packed bed reactor (PBR). The 7-O-KAP exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with flow behavior index (n) being less than 1. The 7-O-KAP showed better depigmenting activity with the reduction of melanin content in Danio rerio embryo to 18.70%, significantly lower than the positive control, kojic acid (60.39%) at highest concentration tested (250 μg/mL). Intracellular tyrosinase in Danio rerio embryo was also reduced when treated with 7-O-KAP (12.53%), compared to kojic acid (37.36%) at concentration of 250 μg/mL. In FRAP assay, 7-O-KAP had antioxidant activity of 8156 AAE/mL, which was higher than kojic acid (6794 AAE/mL) at concentration of 2 mg/mL. The 7-O-KAP also reduced peroxidation activity to 12.21%, which was better compared to kojic acid (31.68%) at 2 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that lipid peroxidation activity of 7-O-KAP (12.21%) was comparable to BHT (11.56%) at 2 mg/mL. Based on this study, 7-O-KAP could be an alternative compound for whitening agent and antioxidant compared to kojic acid and BHT, respectively |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:42:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-62314 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | M D P I AG |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-623142019-10-31T03:09:45Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62314/ Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus Hamid, Muhajir Ahmad, Syahida Ariff, Arbakariya In this study, 7-O-kojic acid monopalmitate (7-O-KAP) was synthesized using palmitic acid and kojic acid where the yield and biological activities were analyzed. The highest yield of 7-O-KAP (43%) can be obtained at molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70 °C, using immobilized lipase N435 in solvent-free system. Stirred tank reactor (STR) provides better mixing of the substrates and biocatalyst with better yield of 7-O-KAP, compared to fluidized tank reactor (FTR) and packed bed reactor (PBR). The 7-O-KAP exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with flow behavior index (n) being less than 1. The 7-O-KAP showed better depigmenting activity with the reduction of melanin content in Danio rerio embryo to 18.70%, significantly lower than the positive control, kojic acid (60.39%) at highest concentration tested (250 μg/mL). Intracellular tyrosinase in Danio rerio embryo was also reduced when treated with 7-O-KAP (12.53%), compared to kojic acid (37.36%) at concentration of 250 μg/mL. In FRAP assay, 7-O-KAP had antioxidant activity of 8156 AAE/mL, which was higher than kojic acid (6794 AAE/mL) at concentration of 2 mg/mL. The 7-O-KAP also reduced peroxidation activity to 12.21%, which was better compared to kojic acid (31.68%) at 2 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that lipid peroxidation activity of 7-O-KAP (12.21%) was comparable to BHT (11.56%) at 2 mg/mL. Based on this study, 7-O-KAP could be an alternative compound for whitening agent and antioxidant compared to kojic acid and BHT, respectively M D P I AG 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62314/1/Lipase-catalyzed%20synthesis%20of%20kojic%20acid%20derivative%20in%20bioreactors.pdf Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus and Hamid, Muhajir and Ahmad, Syahida and Ariff, Arbakariya (2017) Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities. Cosmetics, 4 (3). pp. 1-18. ISSN 2079-9284 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/3/22 10.3390/cosmetics4030022 |
| spellingShingle | Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus Hamid, Muhajir Ahmad, Syahida Ariff, Arbakariya Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title_full | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title_fullStr | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title_short | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| title_sort | lipase catalyzed synthesis of kojic acid derivative in bioreactors and the analysis of its depigmenting and antioxidant activities |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62314/1/Lipase-catalyzed%20synthesis%20of%20kojic%20acid%20derivative%20in%20bioreactors.pdf |
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