Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners
In this study, the effects of addition of ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners into urea formaldehyde resin (UF) on the physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the rubberwood particleboard were investigated. Four types of hardeners, namely ammonium chloride (AC), ammonium sulpha...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67242/1/27%20JST-1057-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796978473902800896 |
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| author | Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat Bawon, Paiman Lee, Seng Hua Ashaari, Zaidon |
| author_facet | Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat Bawon, Paiman Lee, Seng Hua Ashaari, Zaidon |
| author_sort | Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat |
| collection | UPM |
| description | In this study, the effects of addition of ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners into urea formaldehyde resin (UF) on the physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the rubberwood particleboard were investigated. Four types of hardeners, namely ammonium chloride (AC), ammonium sulphate (AS), aluminium chloride (AlC) and aluminium sulphate (AlS), were added into UF resin. The acidity, gelation time, viscosity and free formaldehyde content of the UF/hardener mixtures were determined. Particleboard made with the UF/hardener mixtures were tested for physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission. The pH values of the resin after addition of aluminium-based hardeners were higher and resulted in higher viscosity and shorter gelation time. Consequently, despite lower formaldehyde emission was recorded, the physico-mechanical properties of the resulted particleboard were inferior compared to that of ammonium-based hardeners. The best quality particleboard in terms of mechanical, physical and formaldehyde emission were obtained from the particleboard made with AS, followed by AC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:55:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-67242 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T09:55:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Universiti Putra Malaysia Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-672422019-03-08T06:27:54Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67242/ Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat Bawon, Paiman Lee, Seng Hua Ashaari, Zaidon In this study, the effects of addition of ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners into urea formaldehyde resin (UF) on the physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the rubberwood particleboard were investigated. Four types of hardeners, namely ammonium chloride (AC), ammonium sulphate (AS), aluminium chloride (AlC) and aluminium sulphate (AlS), were added into UF resin. The acidity, gelation time, viscosity and free formaldehyde content of the UF/hardener mixtures were determined. Particleboard made with the UF/hardener mixtures were tested for physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission. The pH values of the resin after addition of aluminium-based hardeners were higher and resulted in higher viscosity and shorter gelation time. Consequently, despite lower formaldehyde emission was recorded, the physico-mechanical properties of the resulted particleboard were inferior compared to that of ammonium-based hardeners. The best quality particleboard in terms of mechanical, physical and formaldehyde emission were obtained from the particleboard made with AS, followed by AC. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67242/1/27%20JST-1057-2017.pdf Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat and Bawon, Paiman and Lee, Seng Hua and Ashaari, Zaidon (2019) Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 27 (1). pp. 473-488. ISSN 0128-7680; ESSN: 2231-8526 http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JST%20Vol.%2027%20(1)%20Jan.%202019/27%20JST-1057-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Abd Ghani, Muhammad Aizat Bawon, Paiman Lee, Seng Hua Ashaari, Zaidon Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title | Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title_full | Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title_fullStr | Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title_short | Physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with UF resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium-based hardeners |
| title_sort | physico mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of rubberwood particleboard made with uf resin admixed with ammonium and aluminium based hardeners |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67242/1/27%20JST-1057-2017.pdf |
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