Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive
The Acacia mangium tree contains 10% bark (v/v), of which about 20% are extractives. Extraction of this bark using a combination of water and sulfite medium can produce between 15% and 25% tannin materials (dry weight). In this work, several extraction conditions such as bark size, plantation site,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7044/1/Fortification%20of%20sulfited%20tannin%20from%20the%20bark%20of%20Acacia%20mangium%20with%20phenol.pdf |
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| author | Yeoh, Beng Hoong Md. Tahir, Paridah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Koh, Mok Poh Loh, Yueh Feng |
| author_facet | Yeoh, Beng Hoong Md. Tahir, Paridah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Koh, Mok Poh Loh, Yueh Feng |
| author_sort | Yeoh, Beng Hoong |
| collection | UPM |
| description | The Acacia mangium tree contains 10% bark (v/v), of which about 20% are extractives. Extraction of this bark using a combination of water and sulfite medium can produce between 15% and 25% tannin materials (dry weight). In this work, several extraction conditions such as bark size, plantation site, extraction time and extraction medium were studied. The results showed that by using either hot water or a sulfite medium, a reasonable amount of tannin yield can be obtained. Bark size of less than 1-mm mesh size gave relatively high tannin yield irrespectively of the extraction medium used. Using a 600:100:2:0.5 (w/w) ratio of water:bark:sodium sulfite:sodium carbonate, and reacted at 75 °C for 3 h improved the tannin yield by at least 30%. The extracts were reasonably reactive towards formaldehyde as shown by their high Stiasny number; water extract, 60–70% and aqueous sulfite–carbonate extracts, 85–90%. The gluing results showed that the shear strength of the plywood can meet the requirements of the European Standards EN 314-1 and EN 314-2:1993. Incorporation of low molecular weight PF resin (10 parts) and PF (10 parts) improved the shear strength from 0.96 MPa to 1.43 MPa after a 72 h boiling test. This study showed that A. mangium tannin blended with commercial plywood phenol–formaldehyde resin, low molecular weight PF and paraformaldehyde as a cross-linker can be used to bond Kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood veneers suitable for both interior and exterior grade plywood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:11:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-7044 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T07:11:04Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-70442020-07-21T04:40:06Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7044/ Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive Yeoh, Beng Hoong Md. Tahir, Paridah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Koh, Mok Poh Loh, Yueh Feng The Acacia mangium tree contains 10% bark (v/v), of which about 20% are extractives. Extraction of this bark using a combination of water and sulfite medium can produce between 15% and 25% tannin materials (dry weight). In this work, several extraction conditions such as bark size, plantation site, extraction time and extraction medium were studied. The results showed that by using either hot water or a sulfite medium, a reasonable amount of tannin yield can be obtained. Bark size of less than 1-mm mesh size gave relatively high tannin yield irrespectively of the extraction medium used. Using a 600:100:2:0.5 (w/w) ratio of water:bark:sodium sulfite:sodium carbonate, and reacted at 75 °C for 3 h improved the tannin yield by at least 30%. The extracts were reasonably reactive towards formaldehyde as shown by their high Stiasny number; water extract, 60–70% and aqueous sulfite–carbonate extracts, 85–90%. The gluing results showed that the shear strength of the plywood can meet the requirements of the European Standards EN 314-1 and EN 314-2:1993. Incorporation of low molecular weight PF resin (10 parts) and PF (10 parts) improved the shear strength from 0.96 MPa to 1.43 MPa after a 72 h boiling test. This study showed that A. mangium tannin blended with commercial plywood phenol–formaldehyde resin, low molecular weight PF and paraformaldehyde as a cross-linker can be used to bond Kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood veneers suitable for both interior and exterior grade plywood. Elsevier 2009 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7044/1/Fortification%20of%20sulfited%20tannin%20from%20the%20bark%20of%20Acacia%20mangium%20with%20phenol.pdf Yeoh, Beng Hoong and Md. Tahir, Paridah and Abdullah, Luqman Chuah and Koh, Mok Poh and Loh, Yueh Feng (2009) Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive. Industrial Crops and Products, 30 (3). pp. 416-421. ISSN 0926-6690; ESSN: 1872-633X https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669009001253?via%3Dihub#! 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.07.012 |
| spellingShingle | Yeoh, Beng Hoong Md. Tahir, Paridah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Koh, Mok Poh Loh, Yueh Feng Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title | Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title_full | Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title_fullStr | Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title_short | Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| title_sort | fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of acacia mangium with phenol formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7044/1/Fortification%20of%20sulfited%20tannin%20from%20the%20bark%20of%20Acacia%20mangium%20with%20phenol.pdf |
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