Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a branch of quantum cryptography whichnexploits laws of physics and was recently proposed for securing information transferred from sender to receiver without relying on computational complexity. Instead of an entangled photon, the quantum cryptography...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80108/1/Hybrid%20M-ary%20in%20Braided%20Single%20Stage%20approach%20for%20Multiphoton%20Quantum%20Secure%20Direct%20Communication%20Protocol.pdf |
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| author | Harun, Nur Ziadah Ahmad Zukarnain, Zuriati Mohd Hanapi, Zurina Ahmad, Idawaty |
| author_facet | Harun, Nur Ziadah Ahmad Zukarnain, Zuriati Mohd Hanapi, Zurina Ahmad, Idawaty |
| author_sort | Harun, Nur Ziadah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a branch of quantum cryptography whichnexploits laws of physics and was recently proposed for securing information transferred from sender to receiver without relying on computational complexity. Instead of an entangled photon, the quantum
cryptography employs two other approaches, single photon and multiphoton for encoding the messages. The multiphoton was proposed to outperform the weaknesses of a single photon by introducing the multiplicity of a photon to perform data encryption tasks. Despite the advantages of multiphoton, the transmission time to transfer the encoded data is still regarded as a critical issue. Most of the multiphoton approaches require multiple photons to travel along a number of stages. Moreover, extra time is needed to change the polarization angle of the optical device for encoding purposes. These situations have resulted in an
increase in source redundancy, which subsequently leads to an increase in the transmission time. In this paper, a compression message approach is proposed to mitigate the substantial increase in time used for the data transmission processes. The proposed compression approach, namely, hybrid M-ary in a braided single stage (HMBSS) is based on the lossless data encoding such that the number of photons is reduced in the data transmission stage. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to test the performance of the proposed approach against some selected multiphoton approaches. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms braided single-stage, M-ary three-stage and initialization vector in terms of reducing
total average transmission time to encode the photon by about 75.9% and 91.7%, respectively. Furthermore,
the HMBSS reduces the overhead on the transmission channel by minimizing the number of message's bits
by about 45% in average even when the length of the message increases during the transmission as compared
to others. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-80108 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-801082020-09-22T02:15:38Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80108/ Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol Harun, Nur Ziadah Ahmad Zukarnain, Zuriati Mohd Hanapi, Zurina Ahmad, Idawaty Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a branch of quantum cryptography whichnexploits laws of physics and was recently proposed for securing information transferred from sender to receiver without relying on computational complexity. Instead of an entangled photon, the quantum cryptography employs two other approaches, single photon and multiphoton for encoding the messages. The multiphoton was proposed to outperform the weaknesses of a single photon by introducing the multiplicity of a photon to perform data encryption tasks. Despite the advantages of multiphoton, the transmission time to transfer the encoded data is still regarded as a critical issue. Most of the multiphoton approaches require multiple photons to travel along a number of stages. Moreover, extra time is needed to change the polarization angle of the optical device for encoding purposes. These situations have resulted in an increase in source redundancy, which subsequently leads to an increase in the transmission time. In this paper, a compression message approach is proposed to mitigate the substantial increase in time used for the data transmission processes. The proposed compression approach, namely, hybrid M-ary in a braided single stage (HMBSS) is based on the lossless data encoding such that the number of photons is reduced in the data transmission stage. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to test the performance of the proposed approach against some selected multiphoton approaches. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms braided single-stage, M-ary three-stage and initialization vector in terms of reducing total average transmission time to encode the photon by about 75.9% and 91.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the HMBSS reduces the overhead on the transmission channel by minimizing the number of message's bits by about 45% in average even when the length of the message increases during the transmission as compared to others. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80108/1/Hybrid%20M-ary%20in%20Braided%20Single%20Stage%20approach%20for%20Multiphoton%20Quantum%20Secure%20Direct%20Communication%20Protocol.pdf Harun, Nur Ziadah and Ahmad Zukarnain, Zuriati and Mohd Hanapi, Zurina and Ahmad, Idawaty (2019) Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol. IEEE Access, 7. pp. 22599-22612. ISSN 2169-3536 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8638764/keywords#keywords 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2898426 |
| spellingShingle | Harun, Nur Ziadah Ahmad Zukarnain, Zuriati Mohd Hanapi, Zurina Ahmad, Idawaty Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title | Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title_full | Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title_short | Hybrid M-ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| title_sort | hybrid m ary in braided single stage approach for multiphoton quantum secure direct communication protocol |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80108/1/Hybrid%20M-ary%20in%20Braided%20Single%20Stage%20approach%20for%20Multiphoton%20Quantum%20Secure%20Direct%20Communication%20Protocol.pdf |
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