Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation
Muslims generally pray five times a day. Every Friday, adult male Muslims congregate to perform Jumaat prayer, causing increased number of worshippers in mosques and vehicle movements. Consequently, indoor chemical air contaminants are produced inside and outside mosques. This study evaluated the co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit UTHM
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80243/1/Indoor%20chemical%20air%20contaminants%20in%20main%20prayer%20hall%20during%20Jumaat%20prayer%20in%20mosques%20with%20different%20mechanical%20ventilation.pdf |
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| author | Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati Ramli, Nor Azam Ismail, Mohd Rodzi Md Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri Zainordin, Nazatul Syadia Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah Shith, Syabiha |
| author_facet | Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati Ramli, Nor Azam Ismail, Mohd Rodzi Md Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri Zainordin, Nazatul Syadia Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah Shith, Syabiha |
| author_sort | Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Muslims generally pray five times a day. Every Friday, adult male Muslims congregate to perform Jumaat prayer, causing increased number of worshippers in mosques and vehicle movements. Consequently, indoor chemical air contaminants are produced inside and outside mosques. This study evaluated the compliance of indoor chemical air contaminants (CO, O3, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10) during Jumaat and Asar prayers in two mosques having different mechanical ventilations (i.e., air conditioning and non-air conditioned system) with the guideline limit recommended by Malaysia’s Industrial Code of Practice. Chemical air contaminants were monitored from 1200H to 1700H in the air-conditioned mosque and from 1200H to 1730H in the non-air conditioned system mosque, which were the times for Jumaat and Asar prayers. The monitoring was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017, during the Northeast monsoon. Results showed that the mean concentrations of the four chemical air contaminants in both mosques did not exceed the acceptable guideline limit. The mean CO, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10 concentrations in the air-conditioned mosque were 0.29 ppm, 354.09 ppb, 31.28 ppb, and 13.45 μg/m3; those in the non-air conditioned system mosque were 2.36 ppm, 344.32 ppb, 19.78 ppb, and 49.91 μg/m3, respectively. However, the air-conditioned mosque’s maximum PM10 concentration of 164.48 μg/m3 exceeded the acceptable guideline limit of 150 μg/m3. Moreover, both mosques’ mean O3 concentrations of 140 and 80 ppb exceeded the limit of 50 ppb, respectively. These results suggested that the concentrations of three chemical air contaminants (TVOC, O3, and CH2O) in the air-conditioned mosque were higher than those in the non-air conditioned system mosque possibly because of the inadequate ventilation system inside the air-conditioned building. Therefore, air-conditioned mosques should have a good ventilation system to provide suitable temperature and humidity for the Jemaah, as well as sufficient amounts of air to remove indoor chemical air contaminants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-80243 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:39Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Penerbit UTHM |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-802432020-10-19T16:46:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80243/ Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati Ramli, Nor Azam Ismail, Mohd Rodzi Md Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri Zainordin, Nazatul Syadia Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah Shith, Syabiha Muslims generally pray five times a day. Every Friday, adult male Muslims congregate to perform Jumaat prayer, causing increased number of worshippers in mosques and vehicle movements. Consequently, indoor chemical air contaminants are produced inside and outside mosques. This study evaluated the compliance of indoor chemical air contaminants (CO, O3, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10) during Jumaat and Asar prayers in two mosques having different mechanical ventilations (i.e., air conditioning and non-air conditioned system) with the guideline limit recommended by Malaysia’s Industrial Code of Practice. Chemical air contaminants were monitored from 1200H to 1700H in the air-conditioned mosque and from 1200H to 1730H in the non-air conditioned system mosque, which were the times for Jumaat and Asar prayers. The monitoring was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017, during the Northeast monsoon. Results showed that the mean concentrations of the four chemical air contaminants in both mosques did not exceed the acceptable guideline limit. The mean CO, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10 concentrations in the air-conditioned mosque were 0.29 ppm, 354.09 ppb, 31.28 ppb, and 13.45 μg/m3; those in the non-air conditioned system mosque were 2.36 ppm, 344.32 ppb, 19.78 ppb, and 49.91 μg/m3, respectively. However, the air-conditioned mosque’s maximum PM10 concentration of 164.48 μg/m3 exceeded the acceptable guideline limit of 150 μg/m3. Moreover, both mosques’ mean O3 concentrations of 140 and 80 ppb exceeded the limit of 50 ppb, respectively. These results suggested that the concentrations of three chemical air contaminants (TVOC, O3, and CH2O) in the air-conditioned mosque were higher than those in the non-air conditioned system mosque possibly because of the inadequate ventilation system inside the air-conditioned building. Therefore, air-conditioned mosques should have a good ventilation system to provide suitable temperature and humidity for the Jemaah, as well as sufficient amounts of air to remove indoor chemical air contaminants. Penerbit UTHM 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80243/1/Indoor%20chemical%20air%20contaminants%20in%20main%20prayer%20hall%20during%20Jumaat%20prayer%20in%20mosques%20with%20different%20mechanical%20ventilation.pdf Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati and Ramli, Nor Azam and Ismail, Mohd Rodzi and Md Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri and Zainordin, Nazatul Syadia and Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah and Shith, Syabiha (2019) Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11 (1). pp. 84-91. ISSN 2229-838X; ESSN: 2600-7916 https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/4279 10.30880/ijie.2019.11.01.011 |
| spellingShingle | Rasli, Nur Baitul Izati Ramli, Nor Azam Ismail, Mohd Rodzi Md Yusof, Noor Faizah Fitri Zainordin, Nazatul Syadia Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah Shith, Syabiha Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title | Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title_full | Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title_fullStr | Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title_short | Indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during Jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| title_sort | indoor chemical air contaminants in main prayer hall during jumaat prayer in mosques with different mechanical ventilation |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80243/1/Indoor%20chemical%20air%20contaminants%20in%20main%20prayer%20hall%20during%20Jumaat%20prayer%20in%20mosques%20with%20different%20mechanical%20ventilation.pdf |
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