A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol
Introduction: For the last 30 years, tobacco smoking has continued to be the leading cause of premature deaths in Malaysia. Majority of the smokers in Malaysia are at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. Therefore, for the purpose of increasing smoking cessation among this group, the strat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Malaysian Medical Association
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80388/1/SMOKING.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825951304087764992 |
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| author | Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati Abdul Manaf, Rosliza Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Adil |
| author_facet | Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati Abdul Manaf, Rosliza Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Adil |
| author_sort | Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Introduction: For the last 30 years, tobacco smoking has continued to be the leading cause of premature deaths in Malaysia. Majority of the smokers in Malaysia are at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. Therefore, for the purpose of increasing smoking cessation among this group, the strategies that motivate them to quit smoking have to be reviewed. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback and the standard brief motivation adopted to encourage the smoker to quit. Methods: A single-blind, cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at ten tertiary colleges in Selangor. The study recruited young adult smokers at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. The subjects in the control group received a standard brief motivational strategy. On the other hand, the intervention group received additional carbon monoxide measurement and a motivational feedback module. A follow up was conducted at the first, third and sixth month to measure changes in smoking cessation stage. Subsequently, the secondary outcomes of a mean number of cigarette consumption and quit smoking attempt were analysed. A total of 160 subjects were required to detect the expected difference of 17% in primary outcomes between the groups. This study utilised Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) to handle the clustering effects. Conclusion: Biomedical risk assessment feedback mechanism by using carbon monoxide is a promising aid to motivate the smoker to quit. This mechanism is a relatively easy, quick and non-invasive technique. Thus, it can be utilised as a reinforcement relating to the harmful effect of smoking. Besides, it can also increase the smokers’ selfefficacy and decisional balance to adopt behavioural changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-80388 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:27:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Malaysian Medical Association |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-803882020-11-10T07:18:28Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80388/ A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati Abdul Manaf, Rosliza Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Adil Introduction: For the last 30 years, tobacco smoking has continued to be the leading cause of premature deaths in Malaysia. Majority of the smokers in Malaysia are at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. Therefore, for the purpose of increasing smoking cessation among this group, the strategies that motivate them to quit smoking have to be reviewed. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback and the standard brief motivation adopted to encourage the smoker to quit. Methods: A single-blind, cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at ten tertiary colleges in Selangor. The study recruited young adult smokers at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. The subjects in the control group received a standard brief motivational strategy. On the other hand, the intervention group received additional carbon monoxide measurement and a motivational feedback module. A follow up was conducted at the first, third and sixth month to measure changes in smoking cessation stage. Subsequently, the secondary outcomes of a mean number of cigarette consumption and quit smoking attempt were analysed. A total of 160 subjects were required to detect the expected difference of 17% in primary outcomes between the groups. This study utilised Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) to handle the clustering effects. Conclusion: Biomedical risk assessment feedback mechanism by using carbon monoxide is a promising aid to motivate the smoker to quit. This mechanism is a relatively easy, quick and non-invasive technique. Thus, it can be utilised as a reinforcement relating to the harmful effect of smoking. Besides, it can also increase the smokers’ selfefficacy and decisional balance to adopt behavioural changes. Malaysian Medical Association 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80388/1/SMOKING.pdf Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati and Abdul Manaf, Rosliza and Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Adil (2019) A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 74 (1). pp. 62-66. ISSN 0300-5283 http://www.e-mjm.org/2019/v74n1/college-smoker.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Kadir @ Shahar, Hayati Abdul Manaf, Rosliza Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Adil A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title | A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title_full | A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title_fullStr | A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title_short | A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : a study protocol |
| title_sort | cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker a study protocol |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80388/1/SMOKING.pdf |
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