Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system
Using 15 sampling stations, study was conducted to assess the water quality parameters of samples collected from River Galma, Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria, in wet and dry seasons. This was achieved using analysis of independent samples test (t-test), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2020
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| _version_ | 1825952200019410944 |
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| author | Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi Jamil, Nor Rohaizah Adam, Mohd Bakri Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana |
| author_facet | Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi Jamil, Nor Rohaizah Adam, Mohd Bakri Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana |
| author_sort | Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Using 15 sampling stations, study was conducted to assess the water quality parameters of samples collected from River Galma, Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria, in wet and dry seasons. This was achieved using analysis of independent samples test (t-test), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques. Analysis of the t-test results shows that, out of the 18 water quality parameters analyzed, 9 parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.05), while the remaining parameters were statistically significant at p > 0.05 for both seasons and all the concentration of the water quality parameters results increases during dry season, which may be attributed to water evaporation and absence of rainfall. HCA identified 4 and 3 different groups in wet season (WS) and dry seasons (DS) from 18 water quality parameters, which indicate that the variation in water quality are due to natural and anthropogenic processes. Two components resulted from PCA analysis from both WS and DS. PCA explained 79.33% of the total variance in the variables which are included in the component in WS and 80.09% of the total variance in the variables which are included in the component in DS, in which the major sources of pollution are related to agriculture and other human activities. From this study, it shows that application of environmetric multivariate techniques are significant to environmental management and the result will help stakeholders in decision making toward sustainable management support of the river system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:41:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-85870 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:41:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-858702023-10-04T03:36:01Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85870/ Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi Jamil, Nor Rohaizah Adam, Mohd Bakri Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana Using 15 sampling stations, study was conducted to assess the water quality parameters of samples collected from River Galma, Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria, in wet and dry seasons. This was achieved using analysis of independent samples test (t-test), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques. Analysis of the t-test results shows that, out of the 18 water quality parameters analyzed, 9 parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.05), while the remaining parameters were statistically significant at p > 0.05 for both seasons and all the concentration of the water quality parameters results increases during dry season, which may be attributed to water evaporation and absence of rainfall. HCA identified 4 and 3 different groups in wet season (WS) and dry seasons (DS) from 18 water quality parameters, which indicate that the variation in water quality are due to natural and anthropogenic processes. Two components resulted from PCA analysis from both WS and DS. PCA explained 79.33% of the total variance in the variables which are included in the component in WS and 80.09% of the total variance in the variables which are included in the component in DS, in which the major sources of pollution are related to agriculture and other human activities. From this study, it shows that application of environmetric multivariate techniques are significant to environmental management and the result will help stakeholders in decision making toward sustainable management support of the river system. Springer 2020 Article PeerReviewed Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi and Jamil, Nor Rohaizah and Adam, Mohd Bakri and Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana (2020) Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13 (2). pp. 1-13. ISSN 1866-7511; ESSN: 1866-7538 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-019-5026-4 10.1007/s12517-019-5026-4 |
| spellingShingle | Aliyu, Adamu Gaddafi Jamil, Nor Rohaizah Adam, Mohd Bakri Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title | Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title_full | Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title_fullStr | Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title_short | Spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of Savanna River system |
| title_sort | spatial and seasonal changes in monitoring water quality of savanna river system |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aliyuadamugaddafi spatialandseasonalchangesinmonitoringwaterqualityofsavannariversystem AT jamilnorrohaizah spatialandseasonalchangesinmonitoringwaterqualityofsavannariversystem AT adammohdbakri spatialandseasonalchangesinmonitoringwaterqualityofsavannariversystem AT zulkefleezufarzaana spatialandseasonalchangesinmonitoringwaterqualityofsavannariversystem |