Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch
Bio based nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were obtained from empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose and ethylenediamine (EDA) through one-pot hydrothermal carbonization route. The optimum as-formed N-CDs were thoroughly characterized via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution T...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88948/1/DOT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825936597962457088 |
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| author | Issa, Mohammed Abdullah Zainal Abidin, Zurina Sobri, Shafreeza Abdul-Rashid, Suraya Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Pudza, Musa Yahaya |
| author_facet | Issa, Mohammed Abdullah Zainal Abidin, Zurina Sobri, Shafreeza Abdul-Rashid, Suraya Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Pudza, Musa Yahaya |
| author_sort | Issa, Mohammed Abdullah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Bio based nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were obtained from empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose and ethylenediamine (EDA) through one-pot hydrothermal carbonization route. The optimum as-formed N-CDs were thoroughly characterized via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), UV–vis spectra (UV–Vis) and Fluorescence spectra (PL). Response surface methodology was statistically used to assess three independent variables that have major influence on the fluorescence quantum yield (QY), including temperature (230–270 °C), time (2–6 h) and EDA mass (10%–23.3%). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, synthesis temperature was found to be the most influential factor on the QY, followed by time and EDA mass. Higher temperature, long synthesis time and high amount of EDA were satisfactorily enough for efficient carbonization conversion rate and obtaining highest QY of N-CDs. The obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.9991) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimum synthetic parameters are of 270 °C temperature, 6 h reaction time and 23.3% of EDA mass. The optimized as-made N-CDs exhibited blue photoluminescence with both excitation dependent/independent phenomena and high nitrogen content. The maximum emission intensity was 426 nm at a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with a QY of up to 22.9%. XPS and FTIR data confirmed the existence of polar containing groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups over the surface of N-CDs whereas nitrogen species in the form of (pyridinic and graphitic − N) were introduced in the aromatic carbon domains, which imparts the hydrophilic and photostability of N-CDs. Taking into account the low-cost and sustainable production of N-CDs, this method considered a feasible route for converting low quality waste into value-added nanomaterials and utilizing for different functionalization processes and analytical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:46:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-88948 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T10:46:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-889482021-10-04T22:12:02Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88948/ Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch Issa, Mohammed Abdullah Zainal Abidin, Zurina Sobri, Shafreeza Abdul-Rashid, Suraya Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Pudza, Musa Yahaya Bio based nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were obtained from empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose and ethylenediamine (EDA) through one-pot hydrothermal carbonization route. The optimum as-formed N-CDs were thoroughly characterized via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), UV–vis spectra (UV–Vis) and Fluorescence spectra (PL). Response surface methodology was statistically used to assess three independent variables that have major influence on the fluorescence quantum yield (QY), including temperature (230–270 °C), time (2–6 h) and EDA mass (10%–23.3%). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, synthesis temperature was found to be the most influential factor on the QY, followed by time and EDA mass. Higher temperature, long synthesis time and high amount of EDA were satisfactorily enough for efficient carbonization conversion rate and obtaining highest QY of N-CDs. The obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.9991) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimum synthetic parameters are of 270 °C temperature, 6 h reaction time and 23.3% of EDA mass. The optimized as-made N-CDs exhibited blue photoluminescence with both excitation dependent/independent phenomena and high nitrogen content. The maximum emission intensity was 426 nm at a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with a QY of up to 22.9%. XPS and FTIR data confirmed the existence of polar containing groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups over the surface of N-CDs whereas nitrogen species in the form of (pyridinic and graphitic − N) were introduced in the aromatic carbon domains, which imparts the hydrophilic and photostability of N-CDs. Taking into account the low-cost and sustainable production of N-CDs, this method considered a feasible route for converting low quality waste into value-added nanomaterials and utilizing for different functionalization processes and analytical applications. Elsevier 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88948/1/DOT.pdf Issa, Mohammed Abdullah and Zainal Abidin, Zurina and Sobri, Shafreeza and Abdul-Rashid, Suraya and Mahdi, Mohd Adzir and Ibrahim, Nor Azowa and Pudza, Musa Yahaya (2020) Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28 (2). 584 - 592. ISSN 1004-9541 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1004954119302149 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.003 |
| spellingShingle | Issa, Mohammed Abdullah Zainal Abidin, Zurina Sobri, Shafreeza Abdul-Rashid, Suraya Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Pudza, Musa Yahaya Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title | Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title_full | Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title_short | Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| title_sort | fabrication characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88948/1/DOT.pdf |
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