Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite
Residual hemicellulose could enhance cellulose nanofiber (CNF) processing as it impedes the agglomeration of the nanocellulose fibrils and contributes to complete nanofibrillation within a shorter period of time. Its effect on CNF performance as a reinforcement material is unclear, and hence this st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021
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| author | Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz Ariffin, Hidayah Tengku Yasim Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Hassan, Mohd Ali Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin Nishida, Haruo |
| author_facet | Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz Ariffin, Hidayah Tengku Yasim Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Hassan, Mohd Ali Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin Nishida, Haruo |
| author_sort | Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Residual hemicellulose could enhance cellulose nanofiber (CNF) processing as it impedes the agglomeration of the nanocellulose fibrils and contributes to complete nanofibrillation within a shorter period of time. Its effect on CNF performance as a reinforcement material is unclear, and hence this study seeks to evaluate the performance of CNF in the presence of amorphous hemicellulose as a reinforcement material in a polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite. Two types of CNF were prepared: SHS-CNF, which contained about 11% hemicellulose, and KOH-CNF, with complete hemicellulose removal. Mechanical properties of the PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF showed an almost similar increment in tensile strength (31% and 32%) and flexural strength (28% and 29%) when 3 wt.% of CNF was incorporated in PP, indicating that hemicellulose in SHS-CNF did not affect the mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposite. The crystallinity of both PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF nanocomposites showed an almost similar value at 55–56%. A slight decrement in thermal stability was seen, whereby the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss (Td10%) of PP/SHS-CNF was 6 °C lower at 381 °C compared to 387 °C for PP/KOH-CNF, which can be explained by the degradation of thermally unstable hemicellulose. The results from this study showed that the presence of some portion of hemicellulose in CNF did not affect the CNF properties, suggesting that complete hemicellulose removal may not be necessary for the preparation of CNF to be used as a reinforcement material in nanocomposites. This will lead to less harsh pretreatment for CNF preparation and, hence, a more sustainable nanocomposite can be produced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:00:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-94542 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:00:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-945422022-12-02T08:04:02Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94542/ Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz Ariffin, Hidayah Tengku Yasim Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Hassan, Mohd Ali Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin Nishida, Haruo Residual hemicellulose could enhance cellulose nanofiber (CNF) processing as it impedes the agglomeration of the nanocellulose fibrils and contributes to complete nanofibrillation within a shorter period of time. Its effect on CNF performance as a reinforcement material is unclear, and hence this study seeks to evaluate the performance of CNF in the presence of amorphous hemicellulose as a reinforcement material in a polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite. Two types of CNF were prepared: SHS-CNF, which contained about 11% hemicellulose, and KOH-CNF, with complete hemicellulose removal. Mechanical properties of the PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF showed an almost similar increment in tensile strength (31% and 32%) and flexural strength (28% and 29%) when 3 wt.% of CNF was incorporated in PP, indicating that hemicellulose in SHS-CNF did not affect the mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposite. The crystallinity of both PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF nanocomposites showed an almost similar value at 55–56%. A slight decrement in thermal stability was seen, whereby the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss (Td10%) of PP/SHS-CNF was 6 °C lower at 381 °C compared to 387 °C for PP/KOH-CNF, which can be explained by the degradation of thermally unstable hemicellulose. The results from this study showed that the presence of some portion of hemicellulose in CNF did not affect the CNF properties, suggesting that complete hemicellulose removal may not be necessary for the preparation of CNF to be used as a reinforcement material in nanocomposites. This will lead to less harsh pretreatment for CNF preparation and, hence, a more sustainable nanocomposite can be produced. MDPI AG 2021-03 Article PeerReviewed Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz and Ariffin, Hidayah and Tengku Yasim Anuar, Tengku Arisyah and Hassan, Mohd Ali and Ibrahim, Nor Azowa and Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin and Nishida, Haruo (2021) Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite. Polymers, 13 (7). art. no. 1064. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/7/1064 10.3390/polym13071064 |
| spellingShingle | Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz Ariffin, Hidayah Tengku Yasim Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Hassan, Mohd Ali Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin Nishida, Haruo Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title | Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title_full | Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title_fullStr | Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title_short | Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene-based nanocomposite |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber with residual hemicellulose as a nanofiller in polypropylene based nanocomposite |
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