Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia
Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations’ reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urb...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021
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| _version_ | 1825937517640155136 |
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| author | Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah Zainuddin, Azim Haziq Ley, Juen Looi Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Mohd Isa, Noorain Sefie, Anuar Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar |
| author_facet | Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah Zainuddin, Azim Haziq Ley, Juen Looi Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Mohd Isa, Noorain Sefie, Anuar Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar |
| author_sort | Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations’ reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urbanized basin through 24 studied hydrochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples obtained from 15 different sampling stations by employing integrated multivariate analysis. The abundance of the major ions was in the following order: bicarbonate (HCO3−) > chloride (Cl−) > sodium (Na+) > sulphate (SO42−) > calcium (Ca2+) > potassium (K+) > magnesium (Mg2+). Heavy metal dominance was in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > Sr. Classification of the groundwater facies indicated that the studied groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl with saline water type and Na-HCO3 with mix water type characteristics. The saline water type characteristics are derived from agricultural activities, while the mixed water types occur from water–rock interaction. Multivariate analysis performance suggests that industrial, agricultural, and weathering activities have contributed to groundwater contamination. The study will help in the understanding of the groundwater quality issue and serve as a reference for other basins with similar characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:00:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-95119 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:00:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-951192023-01-09T03:19:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95119/ Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah Zainuddin, Azim Haziq Ley, Juen Looi Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Mohd Isa, Noorain Sefie, Anuar Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations’ reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urbanized basin through 24 studied hydrochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples obtained from 15 different sampling stations by employing integrated multivariate analysis. The abundance of the major ions was in the following order: bicarbonate (HCO3−) > chloride (Cl−) > sodium (Na+) > sulphate (SO42−) > calcium (Ca2+) > potassium (K+) > magnesium (Mg2+). Heavy metal dominance was in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > Sr. Classification of the groundwater facies indicated that the studied groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl with saline water type and Na-HCO3 with mix water type characteristics. The saline water type characteristics are derived from agricultural activities, while the mixed water types occur from water–rock interaction. Multivariate analysis performance suggests that industrial, agricultural, and weathering activities have contributed to groundwater contamination. The study will help in the understanding of the groundwater quality issue and serve as a reference for other basins with similar characteristics. MDPI AG 2021-05-27 Article PeerReviewed Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah and Zainuddin, Azim Haziq and Ley, Juen Looi and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin and Mohd Isa, Noorain and Sefie, Anuar and Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar (2021) Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (11). pp. 1-20. ISSN 1661-7827; ESSN: 1660-4601 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5733 10.3390/ijerph18115733 |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Zainol, Nur Fatihah Zainuddin, Azim Haziq Ley, Juen Looi Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Mohd Isa, Noorain Sefie, Anuar Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title | Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title_full | Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title_short | Spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis: a case study in the urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia |
| title_sort | spatial analysis of groundwater hydrochemistry through integrated multivariate analysis a case study in the urbanized langat basin malaysia |
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