Synthesis of indoles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization by using palladium-based catalysts

As part of natural products or biologically active compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles is becoming incredibly valuable. Palladium is a transition metal that is widely utilized as a catalyst to facilitate carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling; it is used in the synthes...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ayesha, Bilal, Muhammad, Rasool, Nasir, Khan, Samreen Gul, Rashid, Umer, Altaf, Humaira, Ali, Imtiaz
Format: Article
Published: MDPI AG 2021
Description
Summary:As part of natural products or biologically active compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles is becoming incredibly valuable. Palladium is a transition metal that is widely utilized as a catalyst to facilitate carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling; it is used in the synthesis of various heterocycles. This review includes the twelve years of successful indole synthesis using various palladium catalysts to establish carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen coupling, as well as the conditions that have been optimized.