A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production
A robust, magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H core@shell nanoparticulate acid catalyst was successfully synthesized by a stepwise co-precipitation, coating, and functionalization. It was utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification and esterification of triglycerides and fre...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2021
|
| _version_ | 1796983141337923584 |
|---|---|
| author | Changmai, Bishwajit Wheatley, Andrew E.H. Rano, Ruma Halder, Gopinath Selvaraj, Manickam Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala |
| author_facet | Changmai, Bishwajit Wheatley, Andrew E.H. Rano, Ruma Halder, Gopinath Selvaraj, Manickam Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala |
| author_sort | Changmai, Bishwajit |
| collection | UPM |
| description | A robust, magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H core@shell nanoparticulate acid catalyst was successfully synthesized by a stepwise co-precipitation, coating, and functionalization. It was utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification and esterification of triglycerides and free fatty acids in Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixture. This product conformed to ASTM standards for biodiesel. The as-prepared catalyst had a magnetic saturation of 30.94 emu g−1, surface area of 32.88 m2g−1, acidity of 0.76 mmol g−1, and pore diameter of 3.48 nm. The catalyst showed 98 ± 1% conversion using the optimized reaction conditions of methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, 8 wt% catalyst loading, 80 °C, and 3.5 h. The transesterification of JCO to FAME using the present catalyst benefitted from a very low activation energy of 37.0 kJ mol−1. The solid acid catalyst exhibited excellent chemical and thermal stability, and also reusability based on easy separation from the reaction mixture due to its inherently magnetic nature. Modest deterioration in oil conversion after multiple uses was offset by one-pot, quantitative regeneration of catalyst active sites. This enabled identical performance in JCO methyl transesterification and esterification in the 1st and 10th catalytic cycles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:02:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-95772 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:02:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-957722023-04-04T07:08:35Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95772/ A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production Changmai, Bishwajit Wheatley, Andrew E.H. Rano, Ruma Halder, Gopinath Selvaraj, Manickam Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala A robust, magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H core@shell nanoparticulate acid catalyst was successfully synthesized by a stepwise co-precipitation, coating, and functionalization. It was utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification and esterification of triglycerides and free fatty acids in Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixture. This product conformed to ASTM standards for biodiesel. The as-prepared catalyst had a magnetic saturation of 30.94 emu g−1, surface area of 32.88 m2g−1, acidity of 0.76 mmol g−1, and pore diameter of 3.48 nm. The catalyst showed 98 ± 1% conversion using the optimized reaction conditions of methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, 8 wt% catalyst loading, 80 °C, and 3.5 h. The transesterification of JCO to FAME using the present catalyst benefitted from a very low activation energy of 37.0 kJ mol−1. The solid acid catalyst exhibited excellent chemical and thermal stability, and also reusability based on easy separation from the reaction mixture due to its inherently magnetic nature. Modest deterioration in oil conversion after multiple uses was offset by one-pot, quantitative regeneration of catalyst active sites. This enabled identical performance in JCO methyl transesterification and esterification in the 1st and 10th catalytic cycles. Elsevier 2021 Article PeerReviewed Changmai, Bishwajit and Wheatley, Andrew E.H. and Rano, Ruma and Halder, Gopinath and Selvaraj, Manickam and Rashid, Umer and Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala (2021) A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production. Fuel, 305. art. no. 121576. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0016-2361 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236121014575?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121576 |
| spellingShingle | Changmai, Bishwajit Wheatley, Andrew E.H. Rano, Ruma Halder, Gopinath Selvaraj, Manickam Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title | A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_full | A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr | A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed | A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_short | A magnetically separable acid-functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_sort | magnetically separable acid functionalized nanocatalyst for biodiesel production |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT changmaibishwajit amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT wheatleyandreweh amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT ranoruma amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT haldergopinath amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT selvarajmanickam amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT rashidumer amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT rokhumsamuellalthazuala amagneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT changmaibishwajit magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT wheatleyandreweh magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT ranoruma magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT haldergopinath magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT selvarajmanickam magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT rashidumer magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction AT rokhumsamuellalthazuala magneticallyseparableacidfunctionalizednanocatalystforbiodieselproduction |