Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulat...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| _version_ | 1796983173206245376 |
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| author | Rao, Harinash Choo, Sulin Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar Madhavan, Priya Md. Akim, Abdah Chong, Pei Pei |
| author_facet | Rao, Harinash Choo, Sulin Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar Madhavan, Priya Md. Akim, Abdah Chong, Pei Pei |
| author_sort | Rao, Harinash |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:02:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-95967 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:02:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-959672023-03-17T02:53:53Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95967/ Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies Rao, Harinash Choo, Sulin Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar Madhavan, Priya Md. Akim, Abdah Chong, Pei Pei Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Rao, Harinash and Choo, Sulin and Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari and Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar and Madhavan, Priya and Md. Akim, Abdah and Chong, Pei Pei (2021) Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies. Molecules, 26 (7). art. no. 1870. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870 10.3390/molecules26071870 |
| spellingShingle | Rao, Harinash Choo, Sulin Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar Madhavan, Priya Md. Akim, Abdah Chong, Pei Pei Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title | Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title_full | Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title_fullStr | Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title_short | Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies |
| title_sort | approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm related drug resistance a focus on micro and nanotechnologies |
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