Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, also known locally as “Bangun-bangun”, is an aromatic medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed to its terpenoid-rich phytochemicals. Information to assist in initiating appropriate harvesting time to maximize the yield of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
|
| _version_ | 1825937703264321536 |
|---|---|
| author | Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Afzinizam, Amirul Hafizin Ab. Rahim, Mohd Hairul Lai, Kok Song Abdullah, Janna Ong |
| author_facet | Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Afzinizam, Amirul Hafizin Ab. Rahim, Mohd Hairul Lai, Kok Song Abdullah, Janna Ong |
| author_sort | Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, also known locally as “Bangun-bangun”, is an aromatic medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed to its terpenoid-rich phytochemicals. Information to assist in initiating appropriate harvesting time to maximize the yield of targeted chemicals in harvested plant tissues remains an issue that is seldom highlighted. This study reports on the essential oil distribution in P. amboinicus leaves, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in addition to GC-MS analysis of hexane extracts of the leaf samples collected at various times throughout the day. The influence of environmental factors on γ-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and thymoquinone are also discussed. Oil Red O staining showed the highest oil deposition at 2 p.m., which was consistent with the phenolic and flavonoid contents of this plant. GC-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed carvacrol (47.00–60.00%), γ-terpinene (8.00–10.00%), caryophyllene (~6.00%), p-cymene (4.90–6.50%), trans-α-bergamotene (4.70–5.00%), and thymoquinone (3.30–5.60%) were the major components of this plant. Interestingly, thymoquinone, a phytochemical associated with Nigella sativa, was also detected in this hexane-extracted sample with maximum accumulation during midday and a decrease at night, which could be due to the lower temperature and dimmer light conditions. The chemical polymorphism in the oil content indicated that environmental factors such as light exposure and temperature should be considered during harvesting to ensure consistent quality of the phytochemicals extracted from the plant materials. This study indicates that oversight in selecting plant materials might compromise the yield of quality phytochemicals extracted from harvested tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:03:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-96377 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:03:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-963772023-01-30T06:46:29Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96377/ Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Afzinizam, Amirul Hafizin Ab. Rahim, Mohd Hairul Lai, Kok Song Abdullah, Janna Ong Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, also known locally as “Bangun-bangun”, is an aromatic medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed to its terpenoid-rich phytochemicals. Information to assist in initiating appropriate harvesting time to maximize the yield of targeted chemicals in harvested plant tissues remains an issue that is seldom highlighted. This study reports on the essential oil distribution in P. amboinicus leaves, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in addition to GC-MS analysis of hexane extracts of the leaf samples collected at various times throughout the day. The influence of environmental factors on γ-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and thymoquinone are also discussed. Oil Red O staining showed the highest oil deposition at 2 p.m., which was consistent with the phenolic and flavonoid contents of this plant. GC-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed carvacrol (47.00–60.00%), γ-terpinene (8.00–10.00%), caryophyllene (~6.00%), p-cymene (4.90–6.50%), trans-α-bergamotene (4.70–5.00%), and thymoquinone (3.30–5.60%) were the major components of this plant. Interestingly, thymoquinone, a phytochemical associated with Nigella sativa, was also detected in this hexane-extracted sample with maximum accumulation during midday and a decrease at night, which could be due to the lower temperature and dimmer light conditions. The chemical polymorphism in the oil content indicated that environmental factors such as light exposure and temperature should be considered during harvesting to ensure consistent quality of the phytochemicals extracted from the plant materials. This study indicates that oversight in selecting plant materials might compromise the yield of quality phytochemicals extracted from harvested tissues. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati and Mohamad, Nurul Elyani and Afzinizam, Amirul Hafizin and Ab. Rahim, Mohd Hairul and Lai, Kok Song and Abdullah, Janna Ong (2021) Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials. Applied Sciences-Basel, 11 (22). art. no. 10838. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2076-3417 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10838/htm 10.3390/app112210838 |
| spellingShingle | Ashaari, Nur Suhanawati Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Afzinizam, Amirul Hafizin Ab. Rahim, Mohd Hairul Lai, Kok Song Abdullah, Janna Ong Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title | Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title_full | Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title_fullStr | Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title_short | Chemical composition of hexane-extracted Plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil: maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| title_sort | chemical composition of hexane extracted plectranthus amboinicus leaf essential oil maximizing contents on harvested plant materials |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ashaarinursuhanawati chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials AT mohamadnurulelyani chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials AT afzinizamamirulhafizin chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials AT abrahimmohdhairul chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials AT laikoksong chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials AT abdullahjannaong chemicalcompositionofhexaneextractedplectranthusamboinicusleafessentialoilmaximizingcontentsonharvestedplantmaterials |