Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations
Washed rice water (WRW) is said to be a beneficial plant fertilizer because of its nutrient content. However, rigorous scientific studies to ascertain its efficiency are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermenting WRW on the bacterial population and identification, a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97323/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796983379940343808 |
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| author | Nabayi, Abba Teh, Christopher Boon Sung Tan, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, Ngai Paing |
| author_facet | Nabayi, Abba Teh, Christopher Boon Sung Tan, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, Ngai Paing |
| author_sort | Nabayi, Abba |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Washed rice water (WRW) is said to be a beneficial plant fertilizer because of its nutrient content. However, rigorous scientific studies to ascertain its efficiency are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermenting WRW on the bacterial population and identification, and to measure how fermentation affects the nutrient composition of WRW. Rice grains were washed in a volumetric water-to-rice ratio of 3:1 and at a constant speed of 80 rpm for all treatments. The treatments were WRW fermented at 0 (unfermented), 3, 6, and 9 days. Bacterial N fixation and P and K solubilization abilities in the fermented WRW were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The isolated bacterial strains and the WRW samples were also tested for catalase and indole acetic acid (IAA) production ability. Significantly greater N fixation, P and K solubilization, and IAA production were recorded after 3 days of fermentation compared with other fermentation periods, with increases of 46.9–83.3%, 48.2–84.1%, 73.7–83.6%, and 13.3–85.5%, respectively, in addition to the highest (2.12 × 108 CFU mL−1) total bacterial population. Twelve bacteria strains were isolated from the fermented WRW, and the gene identification showed the presence of beneficial bacteria Bacillus velezensis, Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at the different fermentation periods. All the identified microbes (except Enterobacter sp. Strain WRW-7) were positive for catalase production. Similarly, all the microbes could produce IAA, with Enterobacter spp. strain WRW-10 recording the highest IAA of up to 73.7% higher than other strains. Generally, with increasing fermentation periods, the nutrients N, S, P, K, Mg, NH+4, and NO−3 increased, while pH, C, and Cu decreased. Therefore, fermentation of WRW can potentially increase plant growth and enhance soil health because of WRW’s nutrients and microbial promotional effect, particularly after 3 days of fermentation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:05:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-97323 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:05:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-973232022-09-05T08:52:33Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97323/ Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations Nabayi, Abba Teh, Christopher Boon Sung Tan, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, Ngai Paing Washed rice water (WRW) is said to be a beneficial plant fertilizer because of its nutrient content. However, rigorous scientific studies to ascertain its efficiency are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermenting WRW on the bacterial population and identification, and to measure how fermentation affects the nutrient composition of WRW. Rice grains were washed in a volumetric water-to-rice ratio of 3:1 and at a constant speed of 80 rpm for all treatments. The treatments were WRW fermented at 0 (unfermented), 3, 6, and 9 days. Bacterial N fixation and P and K solubilization abilities in the fermented WRW were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The isolated bacterial strains and the WRW samples were also tested for catalase and indole acetic acid (IAA) production ability. Significantly greater N fixation, P and K solubilization, and IAA production were recorded after 3 days of fermentation compared with other fermentation periods, with increases of 46.9–83.3%, 48.2–84.1%, 73.7–83.6%, and 13.3–85.5%, respectively, in addition to the highest (2.12 × 108 CFU mL−1) total bacterial population. Twelve bacteria strains were isolated from the fermented WRW, and the gene identification showed the presence of beneficial bacteria Bacillus velezensis, Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at the different fermentation periods. All the identified microbes (except Enterobacter sp. Strain WRW-7) were positive for catalase production. Similarly, all the microbes could produce IAA, with Enterobacter spp. strain WRW-10 recording the highest IAA of up to 73.7% higher than other strains. Generally, with increasing fermentation periods, the nutrients N, S, P, K, Mg, NH+4, and NO−3 increased, while pH, C, and Cu decreased. Therefore, fermentation of WRW can potentially increase plant growth and enhance soil health because of WRW’s nutrients and microbial promotional effect, particularly after 3 days of fermentation. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97323/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Nabayi, Abba and Teh, Christopher Boon Sung and Tan, Ali Kee Zuan and Tan, Ngai Paing (2021) Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations. Sustainability, 13 (23). art. no. 13437. pp. 1-18. ISSN 2071-1050 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13437 10.3390/su132313437 |
| spellingShingle | Nabayi, Abba Teh, Christopher Boon Sung Tan, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, Ngai Paing Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title | Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title_full | Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title_short | Fermentation of washed rice water Increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| title_sort | fermentation of washed rice water increases beneficial plant bacterial population and nutrient concentrations |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97323/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
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